Understanding the Self: Eastern & Western Thoughts

Goals and Concepts in Hinduism and Buddhism

• The main goal of a person in Hinduism is to achieve moksha, or liberation from the cycle of birth and rebirth (samsara), through realization of the self (Atman) and union with Brahman (universal consciousness).
• The root word of Buddhism is "budh," meaning "to awaken" or "to know," reflecting the journey to enlightenment.
• In Eastern Thought, the view of the self is often characterized by interconnectedness, suggesting that individual identity is not separate from the universe but a part of a larger whole.

Concepts of Karma and Rebirth

• The concept that describes the influence of actions on one's life in Hinduism is karma, which asserts that every action has consequences that affect one's future.
• The ultimate goal of Hindus in the cycle of rebirth is to attain moksha, freeing oneself from the karmic cycle and uniting with the divine.

Core Principles in Buddhism

• In Buddhism, 'anicca' refers to the concept of impermanence, highlighting that all things are in a constant state of change.
• The ideal state in Buddhism is nirvana, which represents the liberation from suffering and the cessation of desire.

Self-Cultivation in Confucianism

• The Confucianism concept of self-cultivation emphasizes personal development and moral education to achieve ren (benevolence or humaneness) and become a virtuous member of society.

Understanding the Self in Buddhism and Taoism

• In Buddhism, the meaning of the 'Self' is often considered an illusion (anattā) as it denies a permanent, unchanging essence, promoting the understanding of a transient nature of existence.
• The concept of the 'Self' in Taoism reflects a harmonious relationship with the Tao (the Way), where the self is seen as an integral part of the natural order, focusing on simplicity and balance.

Goals in Confucianism

• The ultimate goal of life in Confucianism is to achieve a state of moral excellence and social harmony through education, ethical conduct, and fulfilling one’s role within the family and society.

This quiz covers the basics of understanding the self through the lens of Eastern and Western philosophical thoughts. It explores the models and approaches to understanding the self, including the dimension frame of reference and examples of belief systems. Notable philosophers and their contributions are also discussed.