Earthquakes and Faults for Grade 8

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Questions and Answers

Which statement best describes a fault?

Faults are breaks in Earth’s crust with a displacement. (correct)

Faults are areas where tectonic plates are constantly stationary.

Faults are only located beneath the ocean.

Faults are solid structures that prevent earthquakes.

What occurs in a normal fault?

The hanging wall slides down the footwall. (correct)

The hanging wall remains stationary.

The hanging wall moves sideways along the footwall.

The hanging wall rises above the footwall.

In a strike-slip fault, how do the landmasses behave?

They slide past each other horizontally. (correct)

They move away from each other.

They move toward each other.

They rotate around a pivot point.

What is one purpose of studying faults and earthquakes?

To recognize the importance of the Earth’s surface dynamics. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of fault allows the hanging wall to slide up relative to the footwall?

Reverse fault (A) Signup and view all the answers

Where is the earthquake's focus located?

Along the fault where the movement first occurs (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is intensity in the context of earthquakes?

The observed effects of an earthquake in different locations (B) Signup and view all the answers

How does the distance from the epicenter affect the experience of an earthquake?

Closer proximity typically results in stronger shaking (D) Signup and view all the answers

What role do tectonic plates play in an earthquake?

They can move relative to each other, causing faults (C) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to structures during a strong earthquake?

They may suffer significant damage or collapse (B) Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the focus from the epicenter of an earthquake?

The focus is the point of the initial rupture beneath the surface, while the epicenter is directly above that point on the surface. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best defines earthquake magnitude?

A quantitative measure of the energy released at the focus of an earthquake. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between active and inactive faults?

Active faults have moved in the past 10,000 years, while inactive faults have not. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Why is understanding the difference between intensity and magnitude important?

Intensity measures social impact, while magnitude measures physical effects. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly describes the epicenter of an earthquake?

It is the point on the Earth's surface directly above the focus. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Earthquakes and Faults

The Department of Education created a self-learning kit for Grade 8 science students on earthquakes and faults.
This kit focuses on scientific knowledge and related language about earthquakes and faults.
Students will learn about different fault types, using models and illustrations.
Students will learn the importance of studying the Earth's surface.

Learning Competencies

The learning competency focuses on explaining how movements along faults generate earthquakes using models or illustrations. (S8ES-Ila-14)

What Happened

Learners will explore reasons for earthquakes.
There is a question about why earthquakes or "Luma Lindol" happen.

Objectives

Students will successfully describe the appearance of a fault.
Students will explain different fault types using models and illustrations.
Students will recognize the significance of studying Earth's surface.

Pre-Activities/Pre-Test

This section includes multiple-choice questions about faults, normal faults, strike-slip faults, and earthquake causes.

What I Need to Know

Earth's surface is made up of layers, and their displacement can show geologic processes.
These layers are part of large plates called "tectonic plates."
Earthquakes occur due to the abrupt release of strain accumulated over time from plate movements.

Parts of a Fault

Fault plane: The area between two rock blocks.
Fault trace/line: The visible crack.
Fault scarp: A vertical step from tectonic activity.
Hanging wall: The rock above the fault plane.
Footwall: The rock below the fault plane.

Activity #1: Shake Out

This activity requires materials like maps, colored pencils, scissors, tape, glue, and a fault model sheet.
Students will color, cut, and assemble a fault model as described.

Develop Models (Normal, Reverse, Strike-Slip)

Using the fault model, students will create models of normal, reverse, and strike-slip faults.
Questions guide students to analyze the effects of each fault type.

Types of Faults

Dip-Slip Faults: Movement along the fault surface.
- Normal Fault: The hanging wall moves down towards the footwall.
- Reverse Fault/ Thrust Fault: The hanging wall moves up the footwall.
Strike-Slip Faults: Movement along the horizontal fault plane.
- Left-lateral and right-lateral faults (blocks move in respective directions.)
Oblique Faults: Combination of dip-slip and strike-slip movements.

What I Have Learned/Evaluation/Post-Test

This section features questions about fault types, displacements, and fault identification based on illustrations.
Students write their answers in their notebooks.

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Description

This quiz helps Grade 8 science students understand earthquakes and faults. It covers different fault types, the significance of studying the Earth's surface, and utilizes models and illustrations to enhance learning. Students will also explore the causes of earthquakes and demonstrate their knowledge through a series of questions.