Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which statement best describes a fault?
Which statement best describes a fault?
- Faults are breaks in Earth’s crust with a displacement. (correct)
- Faults are areas where tectonic plates are constantly stationary.
- Faults are only located beneath the ocean.
- Faults are solid structures that prevent earthquakes.
What occurs in a normal fault?
What occurs in a normal fault?
- The hanging wall slides down the footwall. (correct)
- The hanging wall remains stationary.
- The hanging wall moves sideways along the footwall.
- The hanging wall rises above the footwall.
In a strike-slip fault, how do the landmasses behave?
In a strike-slip fault, how do the landmasses behave?
- They slide past each other horizontally. (correct)
- They move away from each other.
- They move toward each other.
- They rotate around a pivot point.
What is one purpose of studying faults and earthquakes?
What is one purpose of studying faults and earthquakes?
Which type of fault allows the hanging wall to slide up relative to the footwall?
Which type of fault allows the hanging wall to slide up relative to the footwall?
Where is the earthquake's focus located?
Where is the earthquake's focus located?
What is intensity in the context of earthquakes?
What is intensity in the context of earthquakes?
How does the distance from the epicenter affect the experience of an earthquake?
How does the distance from the epicenter affect the experience of an earthquake?
What role do tectonic plates play in an earthquake?
What role do tectonic plates play in an earthquake?
What happens to structures during a strong earthquake?
What happens to structures during a strong earthquake?
What distinguishes the focus from the epicenter of an earthquake?
What distinguishes the focus from the epicenter of an earthquake?
Which of the following best defines earthquake magnitude?
Which of the following best defines earthquake magnitude?
What is the main difference between active and inactive faults?
What is the main difference between active and inactive faults?
Why is understanding the difference between intensity and magnitude important?
Why is understanding the difference between intensity and magnitude important?
Which statement correctly describes the epicenter of an earthquake?
Which statement correctly describes the epicenter of an earthquake?
Flashcards
Faults
Faults
Breaks in Earth's crust where rocks have moved past each other.
Normal Fault
Normal Fault
A type of fault where the hanging wall moves down relative to the footwall.
Strike-Slip Fault
Strike-Slip Fault
A type of fault where rocks move horizontally past each other.
Earthquake
Earthquake
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Hanging Wall
Hanging Wall
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Earthquake Focus
Earthquake Focus
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Earthquake Epicenter
Earthquake Epicenter
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Earthquake Intensity
Earthquake Intensity
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PHIVOLCS Earthquake Intensity Scale (PEIS)
PHIVOLCS Earthquake Intensity Scale (PEIS)
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Earthquake Magnitude
Earthquake Magnitude
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Epicenter
Epicenter
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Focus
Focus
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Intensity
Intensity
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Magnitude
Magnitude
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Active Fault
Active Fault
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Study Notes
Earthquakes and Faults
- The Department of Education created a self-learning kit for Grade 8 science students on earthquakes and faults.
- This kit focuses on scientific knowledge and related language about earthquakes and faults.
- Students will learn about different fault types, using models and illustrations.
- Students will learn the importance of studying the Earth's surface.
Learning Competencies
- The learning competency focuses on explaining how movements along faults generate earthquakes using models or illustrations. (S8ES-Ila-14)
What Happened
- Learners will explore reasons for earthquakes.
- There is a question about why earthquakes or "Luma Lindol" happen.
Objectives
- Students will successfully describe the appearance of a fault.
- Students will explain different fault types using models and illustrations.
- Students will recognize the significance of studying Earth's surface.
Pre-Activities/Pre-Test
- This section includes multiple-choice questions about faults, normal faults, strike-slip faults, and earthquake causes.
What I Need to Know
- Earth's surface is made up of layers, and their displacement can show geologic processes.
- These layers are part of large plates called "tectonic plates."
- Earthquakes occur due to the abrupt release of strain accumulated over time from plate movements.
Parts of a Fault
- Fault plane: The area between two rock blocks.
- Fault trace/line: The visible crack.
- Fault scarp: A vertical step from tectonic activity.
- Hanging wall: The rock above the fault plane.
- Footwall: The rock below the fault plane.
Activity #1: Shake Out
- This activity requires materials like maps, colored pencils, scissors, tape, glue, and a fault model sheet.
- Students will color, cut, and assemble a fault model as described.
Develop Models (Normal, Reverse, Strike-Slip)
- Using the fault model, students will create models of normal, reverse, and strike-slip faults.
- Questions guide students to analyze the effects of each fault type.
Types of Faults
-
Dip-Slip Faults: Movement along the fault surface.
- Normal Fault: The hanging wall moves down towards the footwall.
- Reverse Fault/ Thrust Fault: The hanging wall moves up the footwall.
-
Strike-Slip Faults: Movement along the horizontal fault plane.
- Left-lateral and right-lateral faults (blocks move in respective directions.)
-
Oblique Faults: Combination of dip-slip and strike-slip movements.
What I Have Learned/Evaluation/Post-Test
- This section features questions about fault types, displacements, and fault identification based on illustrations.
- Students write their answers in their notebooks.
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