SCIENCE8-Q2-WEEK-2.pdf

EARTHQUAKES AND FAULTS for SCIENCE Grade 8 Quarter 2 / Week 2 0  FOREWORD The Department of Education through the Bureau of Curriculum Development Curriculum Standards Development Division has crafted the Most Essential...

EARTHQUAKES AND FAULTS for SCIENCE Grade 8 Quarter 2 / Week 2 0  FOREWORD The Department of Education through the Bureau of Curriculum Development Curriculum Standards Development Division has crafted the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELCs) for teachers to address the needs and demands brought about by the pandemic. This self-learning kit will guide the students to differentiate between epicenter and focus of an earthquake, intensity and magnitude and active and inactive faults. Thru this module, they will learn the different concepts when an earthquake occurs. 2  OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, the learners will be able to: K: differentiate between focus and epicenter, intensity and magnitude, active and inactive faults; S: explain why earthquake occurs; and A: appreciate the importance of concepts and ideas about earthquake. LEARNING COMPETENCY: Differentiate the epicenter of an earthquake from its focus, intensity of an earthquake from its magnitude, active and inactive faults. (S8ES-IIb) I. WHAT HAPPENED 3 PRE-ACTIVITIES/PRE-TEST: A. Directions: Study the illustration below showing the fault line on the surface of the Earth. Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answers in your notebook. A. Epicenter B. Focus 1. Where is the epicenter located? A. Upper surface of the earth C. Both A and B B. Beneath the earth surface D. None of the Above 2. Where would the focus be located? A. Upper surface of the earth C. Both A and B B. Beneath the earth surface D. None of the Above 3. In which point where the first movement of earthquake occurs? A. Epicenter C. A only B. Focus D. Both A and B 4. It is the point on the earth’s surface immediately above where the earthquake occurs. A. Focus C. Both A and B B. Epicenter D. None of the Above B. Directions: Imagine yourself sitting around the campfire. Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answers in your science notebook. Source: www.shefalitayal.com Sitting Around Campfire Cartoon 4 1. In which position that you feel hotter? A. Nearer B. Farther C. Both A and B D. None of the Above 2. If your distance from the campfire represent the magnitude of an earthquake, where would damage be greater? A. Far B. Near C. Both A and B D. None of the Above 3. You and your friends are sitting around a campfire in different location and position, are your friends can feel the same amount of heat energy from the campfire? A. Yes B. No C. None of the above D. Both A and B 4. If the campfire represents the focus of an earthquake, where would shaking be greater? A. Near B. Far C. None of the Above D. Both A and B II. WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW DISCUSSION: The Philippine, a seismically active region, experience about five earthquakes a day. Many of these are so weak that they pass unnoticed. However, some are so strong that they cause much destruction to buildings, infrastructures, properties and loss of life. Most earthquake are caused by the faulting of rocks. As two plates move relative to each other, this cause rocks to slide over one another and change their positions. Violent tremors of the earth’s surface caused by the sudden movement of rocks shake large land masses. The point along a fault where movement first occurs is called the earthquake’s focus. The point on the earth’s surface immediately above the focus is called the earthquake’s epicenter. 5  Source: https://golearngeo.wordpress.com/2010/03/03/an-earthquake/ How Strong is the Earthquake? An earthquake may be described in two (2) ways: 1. Intensity is determined by observing effects of the earthquake in different places. Houses, buildings, and other structures are inspected. People are interviewed about what they saw (the cabinet fell over), how they felt (I was frightened), or what they did (I ran out of the house). It gives us an idea of how strong or weak the shaking is. The Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) used the PHIVO LCS Earthquake Intensity Scale (PEIS) to determine the intensity level. 2. Magnitude is a measure of the energy released at the focus, the source of the earthquake. The released energy can be calculated from seismograph readings and is usually expressed by the Richter Scale. Each whole value of the Richter Scale represents an increase in ground motion by a factor of 10. An earthquake of magnitude 6 has about 30 times more energy than one of magnitude 5. Obviously, the greater the magnitude, the stronger the earthquake. To distinguish the two, intensity is expressed using Roman numerals (I, II, III) while magnitude uses Hindu-Arabic numerals (2, 3, 4). 6 Does My Location Matter? The Philippine archipelago is situated in the collision zone of the Eurasian plate subducting in the west and the Philippine Sea Plate. It leads to the development of the Philippine Fault System and other smaller shallow crustal faults. Fault is a break in a rock along which movement has occurred. There are two (2) kinds of fault: 1. Active Fault- is one that has moved in the past and is expected to move again. Has generated earthquakes before and capable of causing more in the future. 2. Inactive Fault- are structures that we can identify, but which do not have earthquakes. Ways used by Scientist to find out if the fault is active: 1. By checking the historical records of a place. 2. By studying the vibrations, past and present, that come from faults. 3. By observing the surroundings. Example, a fault may slice through mountains and form cliffs. This is not to say that anyone can spot an active fault. Scientists need a lot of training to do that. 7 II. WHAT I HAVE LEARNED POST TEST: A. Directions: Complete paragraph below by choosing the correct term/s inside the parenthesis. Write your answers in your notebook. Earthquakes are caused by the movement of plates _____ 1 _____(volcanic earthquakes / tectonic earthquakes) and by the eruption of volcanoes _____ 2 _____ (tectonic earthquakes/volcanic earthquakes). In the Philippines, most earthquake occur in the southeastern part of Luzon where an _____ 3 _____ (active fault/inactive fault) line lies. Last October 2019, part of Mindanao experienced a 6.9 _____ 4 _____ (intensity/magnitude) earthquake level in which damaged buildings, infrastructures, properties and loss of life of our fellowmen. The PHIVOLCS use a _____ 5 _____ (seismograph/thermograph) to record earthquake tremors. 8 B. Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answers in your science notebook. 1. Which is the best place to stand in a room when an earthquake occurs? A. Near a cabinet C. Near the window B. Near the door D. Away from the window 2. The epicenter of an earthquake with a magnitude 7.5 is in Bohol. Where will be the intensity the highest? A. Tagbilaran City C. Bacolod City B. Cebu City D. Dumaguete City 3. Why is it safe to cover your head with your book during an earthquake especially when inside the room? A. So that you will not feel dizzy. B. It will prevent you of getting hurt by falling objects. C. The book is easy to bring outside. D. The book is available. 4. Which of the following is NOT a hazard associated with strong earthquakes? A. Building collapse B. Tsunami C. Dynamite fishing D. None of the Above 5. Which of the following is a sign that there is an active fault in an area? A. The floor will crack B. The ground shifts little by little C. Both A and B D. None of the Above 6. Which of the following relies on reports of its effect on people, human structures, and the natural environment? A. Intensity C. Both A and B B. Magnitude D. None of the Above 9 7. What do you call the spot directly above the focus? A. Intensity C. Epicenter B. Magnitude D. None of the Choices 8. Which of the following describe the severity of an earthquake? A. Intensity & magnitude C. Focus & epicenter B. Active & inactive D. None of the Above 9. How you can reduce the effects caused by earthquakes? A. To know the location of active faults B. No structures should be built near an active fault C. Both A and B D. None of the Above 10. What do you call the trace of the fault on the surface of the Earth? A. Focus B. Fault line C. Epicenter D. None of the Above REFERENCES: Integrated Science 1Aurora M. Villamil Integrated Science Science and Technology Textbook Grade 8 Science Learner’s Module Merriam Webster http://prezi.com http://www.oakton.edu www.redzone,co/2018/10/25 10  ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Division of Negros Oriental SENEN PRISCILLO P. PAULIN, CESO V Schools Division Superintendent FAY C. LUAREZ, TM, EdD, PhD OIC-Assistant Schools Division Superintendent Acting CID Chief NILITA L. RAGAY, EDD OIC-Assistant Schools Division Superintendent ROSELA R. ABIERA Education Program Supervisor – (LRMDS) ARNOLD R. JUNGCO Education Program Supervisor - (SCIENCE/MATH) MARICEL S. RASID Librarian II (LRMDS) ELMER L. CABRERA PDO II (LRMDS) CYNTHIA C. LARIOSA Writer NOELYN E. SIAPNO Lay-out Artist _____________ BETA QA TEAM JOAN Y. BUBULI LIELIN A. DELA CRUZ MIEL C. PACULANANG ARJIE T. PALUMPA ALPHA QA TEAM LESTER C. PABALINAS JULIET B. GANTALAO ARGELYN A. MAHUMOT ANGELYN P. ABUEVA DISCLAIMER The information, activities and assessments used in this material are designed to provide accessible learning modality to the teachers and learners of the Division of Negros Oriental. The contents of this module are carefully researched, chosen, and evaluated to comply with the set learning competencies. The writers and evaluator were clearly instructed to give credits to information and illustrations used to substantiate this material. All content is subject to copyright and may not be reproduced in any form without expressed written consent from the division. 11 SYNOPSIS AND ABOUT THE AUTHOR This Self Learning Kit discusses the learning competency about the difference of epicenter of an earthquake from its focus, intensity of an earthquake from its magnitude, and active and inactive faults. The learners are expected to learn more concepts about earthquake. It will guide them to use appropriate terms in describing the observable earthquake effect. With this Self learning kit, the learners are encouraged to read carefully and to follow instructions in the different activities to obtain better understanding of the lesson. ABOUT THE AUTHOR The Author: CYNTHIA CALDERON LARIOSA, graduated Bachelor of Secondary Education major in General Science at University of the Visayas, Cebu City, year 2000. Now teaching at Jose B. Cardenas Memorial High School-Main Campus at Canlaon City. An adviser of Grade 10 students and the treasurer of JBCMHS Mentor’s League. She had completed academic requirements for Master of Arts in Education Major in General Science at Central Philippine State University. 12