44 Questions
What type of cells have limited divisions and are responsible for growth, renewal, and repair in the body?
Differentiated cells
Which type of stem cells in the skin allow for constant renewal?
Unipotent stem cells
What is the defining characteristic of a stem cell?
Their daughters all retain stem cell properties
In human embryonic development, what structure is responsible for the formation of the primitive streak?
Mesoderm
Which type of stem cell can give rise to multiple, but not all, cell types in the body?
Multipotent stem cells
What is the function of unipotent stem cells in the skin?
Allowing for constant renewal
Which type of cells replace themselves and can produce differentiated daughter cells?
Stem cells
What is the major achievement of embryogenesis?
Gastrulation generating three germ layers
Which structures are derived from the three primary germ layers?
Rudiments of major organs
What happens during week 1 of foetal development?
Formation of the morula and blastocyst
Which event marks the implantation phase in embryonic development?
Trophoblast development
What defines the major axes during embryogenesis?
Definition of anterior/posterior and dorsal/ventral axes
Why are stem cells important in human development?
To give rise to specialized cells for organ formation
What is the quote by Prof. that emphasizes the importance of gastrulation?
It is not birth, marriage, or death...
What is the aim of the ex vivo gene therapy strategy mentioned in the text?
To achieve ~5% epidermal stem cell retention
What is the first process mentioned in the text that follows fertilization?
Cleavage
What do the three germ layers created during gastrulation give rise to?
Ectoderm – skin, mesoderm – connective tissues, endoderm - gut
What is the purpose of using stem cells in the context mentioned in the text?
To replace differentiated cells for growth, repair, and renewal
What is the main clinical utility of stem cells mentioned in the text?
Long lasting skin grafts (gene edited)
What process follows blastula formation or implantation according to the text?
Gastrulation
What does the edited skin express according to the information provided?
Col7 and stem cell markers
Alex du Rand belongs to which laboratory as per the information provided?
Sheppard laboratory
What is the purpose of gastrulation in embryonic development?
Generation of three germ layers
Which structure is responsible for forming the fetal placenta?
Chorionic villi
What is the significance of the hypoblast and epiblast in embryonic development?
Generation of the three germ layers
Which event defines the anterior/posterior and dorsal/ventral axes during embryogenesis?
Gastrulation
What follows cleavage of the zygote in early development?
Formation of the blastocyst
Why do we need stem cells in human development?
For growth and renewal
Which phase in embryonic development involves the completion of Meiosis II?
Fertilisation
What is the main function of unipotent stem cells in the skin?
Allow for constant renewal
What defines a stem cell's ability to self-renew and generate differentiated daughter cells?
Stem-cell properties
Which germ layer gives rise to structures like the amnion, yolk sac, and primitive streak?
Mesoderm
What is the primary purpose of stem cells in human development?
Ensure constant renewal
Which event marks the initial phase of human embryonic development following fertilization?
Implantation
What is the main characteristic of differentiated cells compared to stem cells?
Limited division potential
In skin, which type of stem cells allow for constant renewal?
Unipotent stem cells
What process follows organogenesis in embryonic development?
Differentiation
Which structure is responsible for the formation of the primitive streak in human embryonic development?
Gastrulation
What characteristic defines ectoderm among the three germ layers?
Skin
What type of stem cells contribute to constant renewal in the skin?
Unipotent stem cells
What is the primary function of edited skin expressing Col7 and stem cell markers?
Promote long-lasting skin grafts
In the context of ex vivo gene therapy, what is the main purpose of retaining ~5% epidermal stem cells?
Aid long-lasting skin grafts
What term describes the process of creating three germ layers during embryogenesis?
Gastrulation
Which event directly precedes blastula formation or implantation in the embryonic development process?
Cleavage
Test your knowledge on the major developmental events in the early stages of human development according to Dr. Hilary Sheppard's teachings. Topics include fertilisation, cleavage of zygote, formation of morula and blastocyst, implantation, trophoblast development, embryonic disk, gastrulation, and structures derived from the three germ layers.
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