Early Human Development Dr. Hilary Sheppard Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What type of cells have limited divisions and are responsible for growth, renewal, and repair in the body?

  • Pluripotent cells
  • Unipotent cells
  • Differentiated cells (correct)
  • Multipotent cells

    • Which type of stem cells in the skin allow for constant renewal?

  • Oligopotent stem cells
  • Unipotent stem cells (correct)
  • Multipotent stem cells
  • Bipotent stem cells

    • What is the defining characteristic of a stem cell?

  • They replicate without regulation
  • They generate only one type of daughter cell
  • They differentiate into specialized cells immediately
  • Their daughters all retain stem cell properties (correct)

    • In human embryonic development, what structure is responsible for the formation of the primitive streak?

    <p>Mesoderm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of stem cell can give rise to multiple, but not all, cell types in the body?

    <p>Multipotent stem cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of unipotent stem cells in the skin?

    <p>Allowing for constant renewal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cells replace themselves and can produce differentiated daughter cells?

    <p>Stem cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major achievement of embryogenesis?

    <p>Gastrulation generating three germ layers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structures are derived from the three primary germ layers?

    <p>Rudiments of major organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during week 1 of foetal development?

    <p>Formation of the morula and blastocyst</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which event marks the implantation phase in embryonic development?

    <p>Trophoblast development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines the major axes during embryogenesis?

    <p>Definition of anterior/posterior and dorsal/ventral axes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are stem cells important in human development?

    <p>To give rise to specialized cells for organ formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the quote by Prof. that emphasizes the importance of gastrulation?

    <p>It is not birth, marriage, or death...</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the aim of the ex vivo gene therapy strategy mentioned in the text?

    <p>To achieve ~5% epidermal stem cell retention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first process mentioned in the text that follows fertilization?

    <p>Cleavage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the three germ layers created during gastrulation give rise to?

    <p>Ectoderm – skin, mesoderm – connective tissues, endoderm - gut</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using stem cells in the context mentioned in the text?

    <p>To replace differentiated cells for growth, repair, and renewal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main clinical utility of stem cells mentioned in the text?

    <p>Long lasting skin grafts (gene edited)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process follows blastula formation or implantation according to the text?

    <p>Gastrulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the edited skin express according to the information provided?

    <p><strong>Col7</strong> and <strong>stem cell markers</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    Alex du Rand belongs to which laboratory as per the information provided?

    <p><strong>Sheppard laboratory</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of gastrulation in embryonic development?

    <p>Generation of three germ layers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is responsible for forming the fetal placenta?

    <p>Chorionic villi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the hypoblast and epiblast in embryonic development?

    <p>Generation of the three germ layers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which event defines the anterior/posterior and dorsal/ventral axes during embryogenesis?

    <p>Gastrulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What follows cleavage of the zygote in early development?

    <p>Formation of the blastocyst</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do we need stem cells in human development?

    <p>For growth and renewal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase in embryonic development involves the completion of Meiosis II?

    <p>Fertilisation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of unipotent stem cells in the skin?

    <p>Allow for constant renewal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines a stem cell's ability to self-renew and generate differentiated daughter cells?

    <p>Stem-cell properties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which germ layer gives rise to structures like the amnion, yolk sac, and primitive streak?

    <p>Mesoderm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of stem cells in human development?

    <p>Ensure constant renewal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which event marks the initial phase of human embryonic development following fertilization?

    <p>Implantation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of differentiated cells compared to stem cells?

    <p>Limited division potential</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In skin, which type of stem cells allow for constant renewal?

    <p>Unipotent stem cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process follows organogenesis in embryonic development?

    <p>Differentiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is responsible for the formation of the primitive streak in human embryonic development?

    <p>Gastrulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic defines ectoderm among the three germ layers?

    <p>Skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of stem cells contribute to constant renewal in the skin?

    <p><strong>Unipotent</strong> stem cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of edited skin expressing Col7 and stem cell markers?

    <p><strong>Promote</strong> long-lasting skin grafts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of ex vivo gene therapy, what is the main purpose of retaining ~5% epidermal stem cells?

    <p><strong>Aid</strong> long-lasting skin grafts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the process of creating three germ layers during embryogenesis?

    <p><strong>Gastrulation</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which event directly precedes blastula formation or implantation in the embryonic development process?

    <p><strong>Cleavage</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

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