Early Human Development Dr. Hilary Sheppard Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What type of cells have limited divisions and are responsible for growth, renewal, and repair in the body?

  • Pluripotent cells
  • Unipotent cells
  • Differentiated cells (correct)
  • Multipotent cells

Which type of stem cells in the skin allow for constant renewal?

  • Oligopotent stem cells
  • Unipotent stem cells (correct)
  • Multipotent stem cells
  • Bipotent stem cells

What is the defining characteristic of a stem cell?

  • They replicate without regulation
  • They generate only one type of daughter cell
  • They differentiate into specialized cells immediately
  • Their daughters all retain stem cell properties (correct)

In human embryonic development, what structure is responsible for the formation of the primitive streak?

<p>Mesoderm (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of stem cell can give rise to multiple, but not all, cell types in the body?

<p>Multipotent stem cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of unipotent stem cells in the skin?

<p>Allowing for constant renewal (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cells replace themselves and can produce differentiated daughter cells?

<p>Stem cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the major achievement of embryogenesis?

<p>Gastrulation generating three germ layers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structures are derived from the three primary germ layers?

<p>Rudiments of major organs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens during week 1 of foetal development?

<p>Formation of the morula and blastocyst (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which event marks the implantation phase in embryonic development?

<p>Trophoblast development (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines the major axes during embryogenesis?

<p>Definition of anterior/posterior and dorsal/ventral axes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are stem cells important in human development?

<p>To give rise to specialized cells for organ formation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the quote by Prof. that emphasizes the importance of gastrulation?

<p>It is not birth, marriage, or death... (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the aim of the ex vivo gene therapy strategy mentioned in the text?

<p>To achieve ~5% epidermal stem cell retention (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first process mentioned in the text that follows fertilization?

<p>Cleavage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do the three germ layers created during gastrulation give rise to?

<p>Ectoderm – skin, mesoderm – connective tissues, endoderm - gut (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using stem cells in the context mentioned in the text?

<p>To replace differentiated cells for growth, repair, and renewal (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main clinical utility of stem cells mentioned in the text?

<p>Long lasting skin grafts (gene edited) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process follows blastula formation or implantation according to the text?

<p>Gastrulation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the edited skin express according to the information provided?

<p><strong>Col7</strong> and <strong>stem cell markers</strong> (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Alex du Rand belongs to which laboratory as per the information provided?

<p><strong>Sheppard laboratory</strong> (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of gastrulation in embryonic development?

<p>Generation of three germ layers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is responsible for forming the fetal placenta?

<p>Chorionic villi (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the hypoblast and epiblast in embryonic development?

<p>Generation of the three germ layers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which event defines the anterior/posterior and dorsal/ventral axes during embryogenesis?

<p>Gastrulation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What follows cleavage of the zygote in early development?

<p>Formation of the blastocyst (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do we need stem cells in human development?

<p>For growth and renewal (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phase in embryonic development involves the completion of Meiosis II?

<p>Fertilisation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of unipotent stem cells in the skin?

<p>Allow for constant renewal (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines a stem cell's ability to self-renew and generate differentiated daughter cells?

<p>Stem-cell properties (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which germ layer gives rise to structures like the amnion, yolk sac, and primitive streak?

<p>Mesoderm (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of stem cells in human development?

<p>Ensure constant renewal (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which event marks the initial phase of human embryonic development following fertilization?

<p>Implantation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of differentiated cells compared to stem cells?

<p>Limited division potential (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In skin, which type of stem cells allow for constant renewal?

<p>Unipotent stem cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process follows organogenesis in embryonic development?

<p>Differentiation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is responsible for the formation of the primitive streak in human embryonic development?

<p>Gastrulation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic defines ectoderm among the three germ layers?

<p>Skin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of stem cells contribute to constant renewal in the skin?

<p><strong>Unipotent</strong> stem cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of edited skin expressing Col7 and stem cell markers?

<p><strong>Promote</strong> long-lasting skin grafts (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of ex vivo gene therapy, what is the main purpose of retaining ~5% epidermal stem cells?

<p><strong>Aid</strong> long-lasting skin grafts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the process of creating three germ layers during embryogenesis?

<p><strong>Gastrulation</strong> (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which event directly precedes blastula formation or implantation in the embryonic development process?

<p><strong>Cleavage</strong> (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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