Early Greece and City-States Overview
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Questions and Answers

What does the tithe refer to in the context of the Church?

  • An offering made during services
  • A tax paid each year to the Church (correct)
  • A fee for church services
  • A donation to the poor

What were the three vows taken by monks and nuns under the Benedictine Rule?

  • Obedience, poverty, and chastity (correct)
  • Devotion, chastity, and piety
  • Obedience, honor, and service
  • Faithfulness, humility, and charity

How did monasteries and convents serve their communities?

  • As centers for political gatherings
  • By providing basic social services (correct)
  • Only as places of worship
  • By hosting recreational events

What was a key role of monks and nuns concerning ancient writings?

<p>To copy and preserve them (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What claim did medieval popes make regarding their authority?

<p>They possessed papal supremacy as God's representatives (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What conflict led to the end of Athenian domination in Greece?

<p>The Peloponnesian War (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which philosopher is known for his method of seeking truth and self-knowledge?

<p>Socrates (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Plato establish to teach his philosophical ideas?

<p>The Academy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered the most famous example of Greek architecture?

<p>The Parthenon (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of plays did Greek playwrights create that focus on human suffering?

<p>Tragedies (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What skill did the Sophists prioritize over moral truth?

<p>Rhetoric (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Aristotle emphasize as the guiding force for learning?

<p>Reason (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is often called the 'Father of History'?

<p>Herodotus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant building is located on the acropolis?

<p>Temples (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which form of government directly follows a monarchy in ancient Greece?

<p>Aristocracy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was the reformer that transformed the assembly into a genuine legislature in 507 B.C.?

<p>Cleisthenes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes Periclean Athens?

<p>It operated as a direct democracy. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was ostracism in Athenian democracy?

<p>The practice of voting a public figure out of the city. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What united the Greek city-states despite their divisions?

<p>A common culture (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What led to the rise of tyrants in Athens?

<p>Discontent among ordinary citizens (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What alliance was formed by Athens after the Persian Wars?

<p>The Delian League (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What civilization was known for the palace at Knossos?

<p>Minoan civilization (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one possible reason for the decline of the Minoan civilization?

<p>Invasions by the Mycenaeans (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which event is the Mycenaean civilization best remembered for?

<p>The Trojan War (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is credited with composing the epic poems detailing the Trojan War?

<p>Homer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant contribution did the Mycenaeans gain from the Minoans?

<p>Writing skills (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the polis in ancient Greece?

<p>A city-state with surrounding countryside (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What values were emphasized through the heroes in Homer's poems?

<p>Honor, courage, and eloquence (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role did the Dorians play in Greek history around 1100 B.C.?

<p>Conquered the Mycenaeans (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Jesus believe in that aligns with Jewish tradition?

<p>The Ten Commandments (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What notable event is said to have occurred after Jesus' crucifixion?

<p>He was resurrected (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who launched the Crusade to gain control of the Holy Land?

<p>Pope Urban II (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following represented a successful outcome for the European crusaders?

<p>The First Crusade (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the Socratic Method?

<p>Using questions and answers to explore truths (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many apostles did Jesus recruit to help spread his message?

<p>12 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a primary focus of Jesus' teachings?

<p>Spiritual salvation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following literary forms did Greek playwrights NOT develop?

<p>Poetry (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the Colosseum in Roman society?

<p>It was a public arena for entertainment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What architectural feature is most associated with the Parthenon?

<p>Tall columns (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happened to Jerusalem after the Second Crusade?

<p>It fell to Saladin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is often referred to as the 'Father of History'?

<p>Herodotus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Plato emphasize as important in his teachings?

<p>The use of reason (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of art and architecture was central to ancient Greek ideals?

<p>Balance and beauty (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which philosopher established the Academy?

<p>Plato (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one influence of ancient Greece's legacy?

<p>Broad impacts across various fields such as government and culture (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Minoan Civilization

A successful trading civilization located on Crete in the Aegean Sea.

Knossos Palace

The vast palace of Minoan rulers on Crete.

Mycenaeans

Invaders of the Aegean world, around 1400 BC, who replaced the Minoans.

Trojan War

A legendary 10-year war between the Mycenaeans and the city of Troy.

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Homer

A Greek poet, credited with the epic poems Iliad and Odyssey.

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Polis

A Greek city-state, consisting of a city and surrounding land.

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Frescoes

Colorful watercolor paintings on wet plaster, found in Minoan palaces.

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Dorians

Invaders who conquered the Mycenaeans, leading to a period of obscurity.

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Acropolis

The high city in ancient Greece, often with temples.

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Monarchy

Government ruled by a hereditary ruler.

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Aristocracy

Rule by the wealthy landowning elite.

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Oligarchy

Government ruled by a small, wealthy elite.

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Direct Democracy

System where citizens participate directly in government.

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Ostracism

Banishing a public figure considered a threat to democracy.

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Delian League

Alliance of Greek city-states led by Athens.

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Periclean Athens

Athens during the golden age under Pericles, with thriving economy and democracy.

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Peloponnesian War

A conflict between Athens and Sparta that engulfed all of Greece, ending with Spartan victory and the decline of Athenian power.

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Philosophers

Ancient Greek thinkers who used observation and reason to explain events, seeking wisdom and understanding.

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Ethics and Morality

Areas of philosophy that explore right and wrong, good and bad, and the principles of living a virtuous life.

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Sophist

Ancient Greek teachers who emphasized rhetoric and persuasion, believing success was more crucial than moral truth.

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Socrates

A philosopher known for critical thinking, questioning, and seeking self-knowledge, influencing Plato.

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Plato

A philosopher and student of Socrates, who established the Academy and emphasized the importance of reason and the concept of ideal Forms.

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Aristotle

A philosopher and student of Plato, known for his emphasis on reason and comprehensive knowledge, founding the Lyceum.

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The Parthenon

A famous example of Greek architecture, characterized by balance, order, and beauty, showcasing the architectural principles of the time.

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Socratic Method

A questioning technique that uses a series of questions to help someone arrive at a truth by logically examining assumptions and implications.

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Plato's Academy

A school founded by the philosopher Plato where he taught his ideas, emphasizing the importance of reason.

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Aristotle's Lyceum

A school set up by Aristotle, Plato's student, to study all branches of knowledge, focusing on reason as the guiding force.

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Ideal Forms

Plato's idea that every object on Earth has a perfect, unchanging form that exists in a realm beyond our senses.

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Balance and Order in Greek Art

Ancient Greek artists and architects emphasized harmony, proportion, and beauty in their works, reflecting a similar concern for ideal forms as in Plato's philosophy.

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Greek Tragedies

Plays that tell stories of human suffering, often ending in disaster, emphasizing the complexities of human nature and fate.

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Greek Comedies

Plays that use humor to mock customs, satirize society, and provide social commentary.

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Historiography

The art and science of writing history, emphasizing research and accurate recording of events.

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Jesus' Teachings

Jesus's teachings emphasized God's love, justice, morality, forgiveness, and serving others. He preached the need for spiritual salvation and eternal life through believing in him.

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The Gospels

The first four books of the New Testament, which provide the primary source of information about Jesus' life and teachings.

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Messiah

A long-awaited savior, often seen as a liberator or leader.

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Roman Senate

The governing body of Roman society, composed of 300 members who debated and addressed issues.

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Colosseum

A grand public arena in Rome, standing 12-15 stories high, used for entertaining a capacity of up to 50,000 spectators.

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Crusades

A series of military campaigns initiated by European Christians to reclaim the Holy Land from the Muslims.

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First Crusade

The only successful crusade for European crusaders, resulting in the capture of Jerusalem in 1099.

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Saladin

A Muslim leader who recaptured Jerusalem from the crusaders in the Second Crusade.

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Tithe

A tax paid annually to the Church.

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Papal Supremacy

The belief that the Pope, as God's representative on Earth, holds the highest authority in the Church.

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Benedictine Rule

A set of guidelines for monastic life, created by Saint Benedict, emphasizing obedience, poverty, and chastity.

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What are the three vows taken by monks and nuns?

The vows are obedience (to the abbot or abbess), poverty (renouncing worldly possessions), and chastity (purity).

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What social services did monasteries and convents provide?

Monasteries and convents offered help to the poor and sick, established schools for children, provided food and lodging for travelers, and preserved ancient writings.

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Study Notes

Early Greece

  • Minoan civilization flourished on Crete, known for their elaborate palace at Knossos and colorful frescoes.
  • Around 1400 BCE, the Minoans were conquered by the Mycenaeans.
  • The Mycenaeans dominated the Aegean world from 1400 BCE to 1200 BCE.
  • They were traders who engaged in contact with Sicily, Italy, Egypt, and Mesopotamia.
  • The Trojan War, a conflict believed to have begun around 1250 BCE, involved the Mycenaeans (Greeks). This war lasted 10 years. Legend says it was sparked by the abduction of the Trojan king's wife.
  • Epic poems, The Iliad and The Odyssey, attributed to Homer, provide insights into Mycenaean values and lifestyles.

The Greek City-States

  • The Greeks developed the polis, a city-state.
  • Each polis had a central city or town and surrounding countryside, with an acropolis.
  • Different forms of government evolved, including monarchies (rule by one), aristocracies (rule by landowning elite), and oligarchies (rule by a small, wealthy elite).
  • The city-state of Sparta emphasized military training.
  • Athens developed democracy, allowing citizens' participation in government. Pericles led Athens' golden age.

Greek Philosophers, Artists, and Writers

  • Greek thinkers were called philosophers (lovers of wisdom).
  • They used reason to explain events and explore many fields like mathematics and logic.
  • Philosophers like Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle promoted reason and knowledge.
  • Socrates debated and questioned existing beliefs.
  • Plato founded the Academy and emphasized reason.
  • Aristotle founded the Lyceum, embracing all branches of knowledge.
  • The Socratic method employed questions and answers to explore truths.
  • The Sophists focused on effective speaking and persuasive rhetoric.
  • Herodotus and Thucydides set the standard for historical writing.
  • Greek plays included tragedies, portraying human suffering, and comedies, satirizing society.

Roman Republic and Empire

  • Romans settled along the Tiber River.
  • Their initial government was a republic, a system where people elected officials.
  • Early in the Republic, the governing body was the senate, and patricians held significant power.
  • Tribunes were elected officials who represented the common people (plebeians).
  • The Roman Republic expanded through conquest, establishing a vast empire.
  • Julius Caesar was a powerful military leader.
  • Octavian (Augustus) became Rome's first emperor, marking the shift from republic to empire.
  • The Pax Romana, period of Roman peace, brought prosperity and stability.
  • Challenges led to the empire's division under Diocletian and Constantine.
  • The fall of the Western Roman Empire occurred in 476 CE.

The Medieval Christian Europe

  • The Byzantine Empire emerged as the Eastern Roman Empire.
  • The empire, centered in Constantinople, held significant power through trade and cultural exchange
  • Justinian, a powerful leader, promoted laws and architecture.
  • Feudalism created a decentralized system of rule.
  • The manor economy was a self-sufficient system organized around the lord and his vassals.
  • Serfs were peasants bound to the land in this system.
  • The Crusades were a series of religious wars between Christians and Muslims.
  • The Black Death (bubonic plague) caused widespread death and societal upheaval.
  • The Hundred Years' War was a series of conflicts fought between England and France.
  • The Medieval Church held significant power and influence, impacting art, education, and daily life.
  • The power of the Church was challenged by reformers throughout the Middle Ages.

Islam and the Muslim World

  • Islam emerged in the Arabian Peninsula in the 7th century CE with Muhammad as its prophet.
  • The Quran is the sacred text of Islam.
  • The Five Pillars of Islam—declaring faith, praying five times daily, giving charity, fasting during Ramadan, and making a pilgrimage to Mecca—are core practices.
  • The Muslim empire expanded rapidly, spreading Islam and knowledge.
  • Muslim scholars contributed to advancements in mathematics, science, and medicine.
  • The Abbasid caliphate brought a golden age of learning and commerce.
  • Islamic art, architecture, and literature flourished.
  • The Islamic world was known for trade, including the trans-Saharan trade.

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Ancient Greece PDF

Description

Explore the fascinating world of Early Greece, from the Minoan civilization and the Mycenaeans to the concept of city-states known as polis. Learn about the significant events like the Trojan War and the government structures that evolved in this period. This quiz will take you through the rich history and culture of ancient Greece.

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