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Questions and Answers
The Greeks adopted the Phoenician alphabet, reducing all words to a combination of ______ letters.
The Greeks adopted the Phoenician alphabet, reducing all words to a combination of ______ letters.
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Homer wrote ______ and the Odyssey: epic poems about the Trojan War and the adventures of Odysseus.
Homer wrote ______ and the Odyssey: epic poems about the Trojan War and the adventures of Odysseus.
the Iliad
The polis or ______ was the center of Greek life.
The polis or ______ was the center of Greek life.
city-state
The Great Peloponnesian War broke out in ______ BCE.
The Great Peloponnesian War broke out in ______ BCE.
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The main gathering place in the polis was usually a fortified area called the ______.
The main gathering place in the polis was usually a fortified area called the ______.
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The army was based on hoplites, who were heavily armed infantry soldiers marching in a formation known as a ______.
The army was based on hoplites, who were heavily armed infantry soldiers marching in a formation known as a ______.
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Safe behind the walls, the Athenians wanted to use their ______ advantage.
Safe behind the walls, the Athenians wanted to use their ______ advantage.
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The collapse of the tyrannies in some city-states marked the ______ of democracy.
The collapse of the tyrannies in some city-states marked the ______ of democracy.
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The plague struck, killing one-third of ______ citizens.
The plague struck, killing one-third of ______ citizens.
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Sparta conquered the neighbouring Laconia and ______ rather than setting up colonies.
Sparta conquered the neighbouring Laconia and ______ rather than setting up colonies.
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Within one year, Athens ______.
Within one year, Athens ______.
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Spartans made the conquered people into ______, who were slaves tied to the land.
Spartans made the conquered people into ______, who were slaves tied to the land.
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Greek religion did not have a set of beliefs or doctrines nor was it a ______.
Greek religion did not have a set of beliefs or doctrines nor was it a ______.
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Spartan males enrolled in the army at the age of ______.
Spartan males enrolled in the army at the age of ______.
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The Greeks often consulted ______, sacred shrines where a god or goddess reveals the future.
The Greeks often consulted ______, sacred shrines where a god or goddess reveals the future.
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Spartans could live at home after the age of 30 but remained in the army until they were ______.
Spartans could live at home after the age of 30 but remained in the army until they were ______.
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Sophocles was an Athenian playwright whose most famous play was ______ Rex.
Sophocles was an Athenian playwright whose most famous play was ______ Rex.
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Herodotus wrote the History of the ______ Wars.
Herodotus wrote the History of the ______ Wars.
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The Spartan government was an ______ headed by two Kings.
The Spartan government was an ______ headed by two Kings.
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In Athens, ______ codified the laws by adding harsh penalties.
In Athens, ______ codified the laws by adding harsh penalties.
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______ created the basis for Athenian democracy by establishing the Athenian assembly.
______ created the basis for Athenian democracy by establishing the Athenian assembly.
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The Greeks built up a ______ and formed the largest army up to that time.
The Greeks built up a ______ and formed the largest army up to that time.
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The Athenians formed a defensive alliance against the Persians known as the ______.
The Athenians formed a defensive alliance against the Persians known as the ______.
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Athenians devised the practice of ______ to protect against ambitious politicians.
Athenians devised the practice of ______ to protect against ambitious politicians.
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The term comes from ancient Greek meaning 'love of ______'.
The term comes from ancient Greek meaning 'love of ______'.
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The ______ were a traveling group of teachers in ancient Greece.
The ______ were a traveling group of teachers in ancient Greece.
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Socrates taught his students how to live their lives by a code of ______.
Socrates taught his students how to live their lives by a code of ______.
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Plato believed that the objects we perceive with our senses are simply reflections of the ideal ______.
Plato believed that the objects we perceive with our senses are simply reflections of the ideal ______.
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Aristotle taught that happiness resulted from living a life filled with ______.
Aristotle taught that happiness resulted from living a life filled with ______.
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Socrates was accused and convicted of corrupting the ______.
Socrates was accused and convicted of corrupting the ______.
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The splendid society formed in the conquered lands is referred to as the ______.
The splendid society formed in the conquered lands is referred to as the ______.
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Plato believed in the equality of men and ______.
Plato believed in the equality of men and ______.
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The two peninsulas that make up much of Greece are the ______ peninsula and the Isthmus of Corinth.
The two peninsulas that make up much of Greece are the ______ peninsula and the Isthmus of Corinth.
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The Aegean Sea, Mediterranean Sea, and the ______ Sea make up the borders of Greece.
The Aegean Sea, Mediterranean Sea, and the ______ Sea make up the borders of Greece.
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The Minoan civilization flourished from 2700 BCE to ______ BCE.
The Minoan civilization flourished from 2700 BCE to ______ BCE.
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The Minoans traded pottery, gold, and silver jewelry for other ______.
The Minoans traded pottery, gold, and silver jewelry for other ______.
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The Mycenaean civilization peaked around ______ BCE.
The Mycenaean civilization peaked around ______ BCE.
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After its collapse, Greece entered a ______ age characterized by a decline in population and food production.
After its collapse, Greece entered a ______ age characterized by a decline in population and food production.
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During the dark age, many Greeks sailed to the western shores of ______ Minor.
During the dark age, many Greeks sailed to the western shores of ______ Minor.
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Iron replaced ______ in weaponry during the dark age.
Iron replaced ______ in weaponry during the dark age.
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The Greeks viewed the Macedonians as ______.
The Greeks viewed the Macedonians as ______.
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Philip II built a powerful army with the hopes of uniting all of Greece under ______ rule.
Philip II built a powerful army with the hopes of uniting all of Greece under ______ rule.
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Alexander the Great was ______ years old when he became king of Macedonia.
Alexander the Great was ______ years old when he became king of Macedonia.
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Alexander sought revenge for the Persians' burning of ______.
Alexander sought revenge for the Persians' burning of ______.
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In 331 BCE, Alexander fought a decisive battle with the Persians at ______.
In 331 BCE, Alexander fought a decisive battle with the Persians at ______.
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Alexandria became a home to poets, writers, philosophers, and ______.
Alexandria became a home to poets, writers, philosophers, and ______.
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The library in Alexandria became the largest in ancient times, with more than ______ scrolls.
The library in Alexandria became the largest in ancient times, with more than ______ scrolls.
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Stoicism was the product of a teacher named ______.
Stoicism was the product of a teacher named ______.
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Study Notes
Early Civilizations in Greece
- Greek civilization comprises a mountainous peninsula and numerous islands. The mountains and sea significantly shaped Greek history.
- Two key peninsulas are the Peloponnese and Isthmus of Corinth. These geographical features isolated Greek communities, leading to diverse cultures.
- The Aegean, Mediterranean, and Ionian Seas formed the borders of Greece, encouraging seafaring and trade with other regions.
The Minoans
- Around 2800 BCE, the Bronze Age civilization emerged on Crete.
- The Minoan civilization thrived from 2700 to 1450 BCE, centered around King Minos.
- It was a seafaring empire, focused on trade in pottery, gold, and silver jewelry.
- Archaeological evidence suggests a rich and diverse culture.
- A catastrophic collapse, potentially due to a tidal wave from a volcanic eruption or a Mycenaean invasion, occurred around 1450 BCE.
The Mycenaeans
- The Mycenaeans originated from the fortified site of Mycenae on the Greek mainland.
- Their civilization flourished from 1400 to 1200 BCE.
- Homer's epic poems, the Iliad and Odyssey, describe their culture and highlight values of courage and honor.
- Civil strife, earthquakes, and invasions contributed to the decline of the Mycenaean civilization by 1100 BCE.
The Dark Age
- After the Mycenaean collapse, Greece entered a dark age lasting nearly 400 years (ca. 1200 to 850 BCE)
- Population decline, decreased food production, and a cessation of written records characterized this period.
- Some Greeks migrated from the mainland to Ionia in western Asia Minor.
- Iron replaced bronze in weaponry and farming tools, helping reverse the decline of food production.
- The Phoenician alphabet's adoption simplified reading and writing, facilitating the spread of knowledge.
The Greek City-States (Polis)
- The polis, a city-state, was the center of Greek life. Shared citizenship and strong identities were established, but also caused divisions among them.
- The acropolis, a fortified hilltop, served as a refuge during attacks and a religious center.
- The agora, a public area, served as a meeting place and market.
- Hoplites, heavily armed infantry, formed the army in a phalanx formation, making defense difficult to overcome.
- The rise of wealthy merchants challenged the landed aristocracy, fostering the rise of tyrants. Tyrants rose to power through force/support, and often helped the poor .
- The end of tyrannical rule led to different forms of government, including democracy in Athens and oligarchies elsewhere.
- Sparta expanded through conquest to gain land, creating a society with a large enslaved population called helots.
Classical Greece: Athens and Sparta
- Athens became a significant city-state on the Attica Peninsula by 700 BCE.
- It transitioned from oligarchies to an increasingly democratic form of government.
- Draco's codified laws and Solon's reforms marked early steps towards democracy, with Peisistratus' reign leading to significant economic development in Athens.
- Cleisthenes created the Council of 500, bolstering the Athenian democracy by giving citizens the power to vote for laws.
- The Peloponnesian War between Athens and Sparta (431–404 BCE) weakened both city-states, ultimately paving the way for the rise of Macedonia.
Classical Greece: Culture and Achievements
- Greek religion was largely focused on rituals and ceremonies to appease the gods.
- Oracle consultations were common for seeking guidance about the future.
- Greek art, philosophy, and literature flourished during this period. Playwrights like Sophocles and Euripides developed tragedy and comedy, while historians like Herodotus documented the past.
- Philosophers like Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle laid the foundations of western philosophy, tackling questions of ethics, politics, and the nature of reality.
Alexander and the Hellenistic Era
- Alexander the Great’s conquests united Greece and Macedonia.
- Alexander's military prowess and ambition led to the vast expansion of lands under Greek and Macedonian rule.
- A new society emerged in the conquered lands, known as the Hellenistic era due to shared culture, beliefs, and language.
- Alexander the Great created a vast empire, pushing Greek culture and ideas throughout Asia.
- The Hellenistic period marked a period of considerable advancements in cultural development in art, architecture, language, and science, spreading and impacting neighboring regions.
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Description
Explore the foundations of Greek civilization, including the geographical influences of the mountainous peninsula and islands. Delve into the Minoans and Mycenaeans, their culture, trade, and the eventual decline of these early societies. This quiz covers key aspects of their history and societal structures.
