Embryology Face Quiz - lecture slides 2

Neural crest cells create head, face, and oral cavity structures, while also differentiating into cranial nerves, peripheral nervous system, and teeth.

Ectomesenchyme, derived from neural crest cells, forms connective tissues within the head, face, and oral cavity, including dentin, pulp, and cementum, not enamel.

The stomodeum is the primitive mouth in an early embryo, which will communicate with the gut.

A membrane separating the stomodeum from the gut, which ruptures to allow communication during embryonic development.

In week 4, embryo develops folds, forms stomodeum, buccopharyngeal membrane, and primitive gut, allowing communication after the membrane breaks.

The tongue forms from the 1st, 2nd, and 4th pharyngeal arches.

The front two-thirds of the tongue come from two lateral lingual swellings (1st arch) and the tuberculum impar (2nd arch).

The back one-third of the tongue develops from the copula/hypobranchial eminence.

Apoptosis (cell death) helps the tongue separate from the mouth floor, forming the frenulum.

The jaw bones (maxilla and mandible) start ossification in week 7 , forming the alveolar portions to support teeth.

Each jaw has neural and alveolar parts for tooth support, plus supporting growth cartilages.

The frontonasal prominence and medial nasal prominences fuse to create the front part of the roof of the mouth.

The primary palate develops concurrently with the face.

A facial prominence involved in forming the upper face, including the nose and forehead.

The prominences that join the frontonasal to form part of the nose.

Facial prominences that contribute to the upper jaw and cheek areas.

Facial prominences forming the lower jaw area.

The developing tongue restricts space, necessitating the primary palate to form first.

A birth defect where the upper lip doesn't fully fuse during development, resulting in a gap or split.

A birth defect where the roof of the mouth (palate) doesn't fully fuse, leaving an opening.

A combination of cleft lip and cleft palate, resulting in a gap in both the lip and the roof of the mouth.

A cleft lip that affects only one side of the lip.

A cleft lip that affects both sides of the lip.

A cleft lip that doesn't extend all the way through the lip.

A cleft lip that extends all the way through the lip, from the inside to the outside.

A group of healthcare professionals from different specialties working together to manage a patient's condition, like cleft lip and palate.

The key to successful management of a cleft lip and palate is early identification and treatment.

The secondary palate develops after the primary palate, forming the roof of the mouth. It's created when two palatine shelves grow towards each other, fuse, and join with the primary palate and nasal septum.

The tongue plays a critical role in secondary palate formation. Initially, it occupies space in the palate area, but then retracts, allowing the palatine shelves to grow and fuse together.

A small opening located at the midline between the secondary and primary palates. It allows blood vessels and nerves to pass through.

The anterior two-thirds of the tongue develops from two lateral lingual swellings (from the first pharyngeal arch) and the tuberculum impar (from the second pharyngeal arch).

The posterior one-third of the tongue develops from the copula/hypobranchial eminence (from the fourth pharyngeal arch).

Cellular apoptosis plays a crucial role in tongue development. This cell death allows the tongue to separate from the floor of the mouth, leaving a small connection called the frenulum.

The frenulum is a small piece of tissue that attaches the tongue to the floor of the mouth. It's formed during tongue development due to apoptosis.

Disruptions in the secondary palate development can lead to cleft palate, a condition where the roof of the mouth doesn't fully close.

Disruptions in tongue development can lead to different types of tongue abnormalities, affecting speech, eating, and even breathing.

The tongue develops from specific regions of the pharyngeal arches. The first, second, and fourth arches contribute to different parts of the tongue.

The skull develops in three main sections: the cranial vault (brain case), cranial base, and facial bones.

Skull bones are formed from neural crest cells and mesoderm, contributing to the development of the head and face.

The cranial vault bones don't fully fuse until 6-7 years old, allowing for brain growth.

The fetal development phase starts after 8 weeks, focusing on growth and maturation of existing structures.

During week 9, the fetus continues to grow and develop, with structures formed earlier maturing further.

The first image shows a diagram of a skull, highlighting the cranial vault, cranial base, and facial bones.

The second image provides a realistic and detailed view of a fetus at week 9 of development.

The fetal development phase primarily focuses on the growth and maturation of structures formed during the embryonic phase.