Church History Quiz: Early Church Trivia Challenge

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Questions and Answers

According to Ignatius, who should believers follow?

The apostles as they spread Christianity

The priests as they administer the sacraments

The bishop as Jesus Christ followed the Father (correct)

The emperor as the leader of the Church

During which period did Roman persecution of the Church take place?

During the reign of King Herod

During the medieval era

Under Emperor Nero in AD 64 (correct)

Under Emperor Constantine in the 4th century

According to Noll, which events were not as important as the movement of the church out of Judaism or the stabilizing of its basic teachings about Christ at Nicaea and Chalcedon?

The conversion of Constantine to Christianity

The Reformation events in the sixteenth century (correct)

The early Christian councils

The spread of Christianity in Europe

At what point does Noll mention his own convictions playing a larger role in defining key turning points in Christian history?

Chapter 7 Signup and view all the answers

Who executed Jan Huss and deposed Pope John XXIII?

Council of Constance Signup and view all the answers

Who argued for God’s existence from motion, causality, possibility, imperfection, and design?

Thomas Aquinas Signup and view all the answers

When did Luther post his Ninety-Five Theses to the church door?

10/31/1517 Signup and view all the answers

What confession did Melanchthon present to Emperor Charles V in 1530?

Augsburg Confession Signup and view all the answers

Upon what doctrinal issue did Luther and Zwingli disagree?

Nature of the sacraments Signup and view all the answers

What was Erasmus’s foremost achievement as a humanist scholar?

Published the first edition of the Greek text of the New Testament Signup and view all the answers

Who is Martin Luther and why is he considered a vital turning point in church history?

A Protestant who understood the heart of the Christian gospel and brought about significant changes in European Christendom. Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the significant outcomes of the resurgence of Roman Catholicism from the middle of the sixteenth century?

The establishment of a fixed set of authoritative Christian writings added to the Hebrew Scriptures. Signup and view all the answers

Who claimed to be part of the developing tradition of 'apostolic succession'?

Irenaeus Signup and view all the answers

What was Irenaeus known for defending the faith against?

Gnosticism Signup and view all the answers

What Latin theological expression is Tertullian best remembered for?

"Trinity" Signup and view all the answers

What did Tertullian consider to be the source of heresy?

"Trinity" Signup and view all the answers

What is dyothelitism?

The belief in two wills of Christ, human and divine Signup and view all the answers

What did the Second Council of Nicaea (787) affirm?

Legitimacy of the veneration of icons and statues Signup and view all the answers

What two related groups of doctrine were front and center in the Pelagian controversy?

The doctrine of man's inherent goodness and the doctrine of sinless perfection Signup and view all the answers

On what basis did Pelagius argue for the inherent goodness of human nature?

The capability to do what is necessary for salvation Signup and view all the answers

What teaching did the Synod of Orange (529) condemn as heretical?

The belief in predestination Signup and view all the answers

How did John of Damascus justify making an image of God?

By referring to Acts 17:29 Signup and view all the answers

In what century did the Muslim conquest of Byzantine territory begin?

7 Signup and view all the answers

Augustine of Canterbury arrived in England in what year?

597 Signup and view all the answers

From which country did seventh (7th) century missionaries to China come?

Persia Signup and view all the answers

When was Charlemagne crowned Holy Roman Emperor?

800 Signup and view all the answers

When was the Benedictine order founded?

529 Signup and view all the answers

What were the key factors leading to the Great Schism in 1054?

Reaffirmation of papal authority and rejection of Byzantine liturgical practices Signup and view all the answers

What did the Fourth Lateran Council determine about the bread and wine in the Eucharist?

They are spiritually transformed into Christ's body and blood Signup and view all the answers

What was the principal approach of Origen to interpreting the Bible?

Allegorical interpretation Signup and view all the answers

How did Melito of Sardis express the relationship between the Father and the Son?

Equality of the Father and the Son Signup and view all the answers

What event made Constantine emperor in the West?

Battle of the Milvian Bridge Signup and view all the answers

What was the Edict of Milan?

Proclamation establishing religious toleration for Christianity Signup and view all the answers

Who convened Nicaea I?

Constantine Signup and view all the answers

What did Nicaea I determine about the Father and the Son?

Equality between the Father and the Son Signup and view all the answers

What heresy did Athanasius fight against?

Arianism Signup and view all the answers

Who were the Cappadocian Fathers?

Athanasius, Basil of Caesarea, and Gregory of Nyssa Signup and view all the answers

Which heretical teachings did the Council of Ephesus (431) address?

'Christ-bearer' but not 'God-bearer' Signup and view all the answers

What heretical movements were targeted by the Council of Chalcedon (451)?

Nestorianism and Monophysitism Signup and view all the answers

What four affirmations about the incarnation did the Council of Chalcedon state?

Jesus is fully divine coequal with the Father, fully human being born as a baby, fully experienced life as a man, and fully participated in human suffering. Signup and view all the answers

Whose interpretation of Chalcedon was affirmed at the Second Council of Constantinople (553)?

Gregory of Nazianzus Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Beliefs and Leadership in Early Christianity

Ignatius emphasized the importance of following Church leaders as a representation of Jesus Christ.
Roman persecution of the Church predominantly occurred during the first three centuries A.D.

Key Historical Events and Figures

Noll highlighted that the movement of the church out of Judaism and the formation of core teachings at Nicaea and Chalcedon were more significant than other events.
Noll's personal convictions influenced his view on key moments in Christian history.

Key Executions and Arguments

Jan Huss was executed by church authorities, and Pope John XXIII was deposed by secular powers.
Thomas Aquinas argued for God's existence through motion, causality, possibility, imperfection, and design.

Martin Luther's Contributions

Martin Luther posted his Ninety-Five Theses on the church door in 1517, sparking the Protestant Reformation.
Melanchthon presented the Augsburg Confession to Emperor Charles V in 1530.
Luther and Zwingli disagreed primarily on the Eucharist’s real presence.

Humanism and Church History

Erasmus’s foremost achievement as a humanist scholar involved critical biblical translations and teachings.
Luther is regarded as a vital turning point in church history due to his challenge to Catholic doctrine and promotion of justification by faith.

Catholicism and Apostolic Succession

The resurgence of Roman Catholicism in the mid-sixteenth century led to a strengthened papacy and missionary endeavors.
The concept of apostolic succession was claimed by early church leaders to maintain doctrinal continuity.

Doctrinal and Theological Developments

Irenaeus was known for defending the faith against Gnosticism.
Tertullian is remembered for coining the term "Trinity" and regarded heresy as stemming from deviating interpretations of Scripture.
Dyothelitism refers to the belief in Christ having two wills, divine and human.

Councils and Their Resolutions

The Second Council of Nicaea (787) affirmed the veneration of icons in the church.
The Pelagian controversy focused on original sin and grace, with Pelagius arguing for inherent human goodness.
The Synod of Orange (529) condemned Pelagianism as heretical.

Early Church History and Influence

John of Damascus justified representing God visually by arguing for the incarnation.
The Muslim conquest of Byzantine territory began in the 7th century.
Augustine of Canterbury arrived in England in 597 A.D.
Seventh-century missionaries to China likely came from the territory of the Byzantine Empire.

Significant Events in Medieval Christianity

Charlemagne was crowned Holy Roman Emperor in 800 A.D.
The Benedictine order was founded around 529 A.D.
Key factors in the Great Schism of 1054 included doctrinal disagreements, cultural differences, and papal authority disputes.

Eucharist and Biblical Interpretation

The Fourth Lateran Council determined that bread and wine in the Eucharist is truly the body and blood of Christ.
Origen's principal approach to Bible interpretation was allegorical, seeking deeper spiritual meanings.
Melito of Sardis articulated a harmonious relationship between the Father and the Son in the Trinity.

Councils Addressing Christology

Constantine became emperor in the West after the Battle of Milvian Bridge in 312 A.D.
The Edict of Milan in 313 A.D. legalized Christianity in the Roman Empire.
Nicaea I was convened by Emperor Constantine to address the Arian controversy.
Nicaea I affirmed the consubstantiality of the Father and the Son.

Responses to Heresies

Athanasius fought against Arianism, advocating for the full divinity of Christ.
The Cappadocian Fathers were crucial in developing the doctrine of the Trinity.
The Council of Ephesus (431) addressed Nestorianism and affirmed the unity of Christ's person.
The Council of Chalcedon (451) targeted Eutychianism and defined the two natures of Christ.
The Second Council of Constantinople (553) affirmed the interpretation of Chalcedon by the Cappadocian Fathers.

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Test your knowledge of early church history with questions about Origen's approach to interpreting the Bible, Melito of Sardis's expression of the relationship between the Father and the Son, Cyprian's views on salvation, and the event that made Constantine emperor in the West.

Early Church History Quiz

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