Questions and Answers
What was a key feature of the early rangers during King Philip's War?
Who developed the concept of Rangers in the 1750s and published tactical orders?
When was 'The Corps of Rangers' formed and by whom?
Which battle is associated with the execution of an ambush by Morgan's Rangers?
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What was one of the contributions of Edward Backter in the early ranger system?
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What was one of Francis Marion's primary strategies during the Revolutionary War?
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Which statement accurately describes John Singleton Mosby's contributions during the Civil War?
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What was a significant outcome of John Hunt Morgan's raid?
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Why did the British government incite Indian tribes against the American frontier during the War of 1812?
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When was the 1st Ranger Battalion organized during World War II?
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What was a significant consequence of the Battle of Cisterna?
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Which Ranger battalion was activated on April 1, 1943?
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What was the main objective during the invasion of the Philippine Islands?
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Which Ranger companies assaulted the beach with the 5th Battalion?
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Which battalion was organized on January 13, 1941?
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What was the significant action performed by the 6th Ranger Battalion in the Pacific?
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What was the role of the three small islands at the entrance to Leyte Gulf?
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When did the infiltration begin during the events leading to the Battle of Cisterna?
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What was the primary objective of 1/75 during the Operation Eagle Claw?
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Which units comprised JSOC Task Force 123 during Operation Urgent Fury?
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During Operation Just Cause, which airfields did Rangers assault on December 20, 1989?
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How many Rangers were estimated to have been killed in action during Operation Gothic Serpent in Somalia?
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What significant challenge did Task Force Ranger face during the battle in Mogadishu?
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What were the objectives of the Rangers during the airborne assault on OBJ Rhino?
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Which company participated in the Iranian hostage rescue attempts and laid foundations for future Special Operations tactics?
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How many enemy combatants were estimated killed during Operation Gothic Serpent?
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What was the primary objective during the operation at Takur Ghar?
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During which operation did Rangers secure control of Haditha Dam?
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How many combat missions did the Rangers complete according to the deployment example?
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What was one significant outcome of the raid to rescue PFC Jessica Lynch?
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Which element represents the rapid attack nature of the Marauders in the Distinguished Unit Insignia?
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What major function did Haditha Dam provide that was crucial during military operations?
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When was the Distinguished Unit Insignia originally approved for the 75th Infantry Regiment?
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What percentage of U.S. personnel were KIA during the operation at Takur Ghar?
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Study Notes
Early Rangers
- Term "Range" refers to soldiers patrolling an area, used since early 1600s.
- Edward Backter served as a ranger for Kent Island from 1634-1635.
- Northern colonies employed Rangers for defense against Native Americans in the 17th century.
- Benjamin Church formed an independent Ranger company during King Philip's War (1675-1676), focusing on raids and ambushes using Indian tactics.
- Robert Rogers developed the Ranger concept in the 1750s, known for long-range raids and reconnaissance; published 19 Standing Orders and 28 Common Sense Rules emphasizing operational readiness.
The Revolutionary War (1775-1783)
- "The Corps of Rangers" was established on June 14, 1775, comprised of expert riflemen from Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Virginia.
- Key battles included Freeman's Farm (1775) and the Battle of Cowpens (1781), where ambush tactics led to a double envelopment.
- General Burgoyne acknowledged Morgan's Men as elite marksmen of the Continental Army.
Notable Figures in the Revolutionary War
- Francis Marion, the "Swamp Fox," led Marion's Partisans in guerrilla warfare, disrupting British operations and communications.
- British Colonel Tarleton struggled to capture Marion, famously referring to him as "the damned fox."
War of 1812
- The British incited Indian tribes against American frontier settlers (1812-1815).
- Independent Ranger companies emerged to patrol territories ranging from Ohio to Western Illinois.
The Civil War (1861-1865)
- Confederate government formed Partisan Ranger bands for reconnaissance and raids in 1862.
- John Singleton Mosby became the most famous Confederate Ranger, known for effective night raids and capturing Union camps, including General Stoughton.
- John Hunt Morgan led cavalry raids, known for "Morgan's Raid," covering over 1,000 miles, capturing 17 towns with minimal losses.
World War II (1941-1945)
- Six Ranger battalions activated during WWII, with major operations such as the Battle of Cisterna, where infantry faced overwhelming odds.
- The 2nd Ranger Battalion scaled cliffs at Point du Hoc during D-Day landings, while the 5th Rangers assaulted Omaha Beach.
- The 6th Ranger Battalion conducted critical operations in the Pacific and played a key role during the invasion of Leyte.
Operations in the GWOT Era
- Operation Eagle Claw (1980): Rangers attempted an Iranian hostage rescue but faced challenges that paved the way for future Special Operations.
- Operation Urgent Fury (Grenada): Rangers participated in a joint assault to secure airfields and rescue Americans, incurring 5 KIA and 6 wounded.
- Operation Just Cause (Panama): Rangers executed multiple parachute assaults, capturing thousands of enemy personnel.
- Operation Gothic Serpent (Somalia): Rangers faced intense combat in Mogadishu, defending against overwhelming enemy forces with significant casualties.
Medal of Honor and Distinctions
- OBJ Rhino: Conducted airborne assault, focusing on intelligence gathering and securing vital landing strips.
- Operation Anaconda: Rangers fought a 13-hour battle on Takur Ghar, eliminating militants and securing fallen personnel.
- Jessica Lynch rescue: Rangers executed a successful operation to rescue PFC Lynch, recovering POW remains.
- Control of Haditha Dam involved a week-long stand against Iraqi Republican Guard divisions, essential for regional operations.
Distinguished Unit Insignia (DUI)
- The DUI was approved for the 75th Infantry Regiment in 1969 and redesignated for the 75th Ranger Regiment in 1986.
- Symbolizes the Burma Campaign, reflecting cooperation with Chinese forces, striking tactics of the Marauders, and representation of key combat teams with distinct colors.
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Description
Dive into the early history of Rangers in America, starting from their origins in the 1600s to their role in colonial defense against Native Americans. Learn about key figures like Edward Backter and Benjamin Church, and explore the tactics employed during conflicts such as King Philip's War.
