Early American History and Exploration
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Questions and Answers

Who is credited with identifying America as a new continent?

  • Christopher Columbus
  • Captain John Smith
  • Amerigo Vespucci (correct)
  • William Bradford

    • Who were the first white people to set foot on the American continent?

  • The Puritans
  • The British
  • The Pilgrims
  • The Vikings (correct)

    • What event led to the formation of what we call today America and the United States?

  • The arrival of the Vikings
  • The settling of the British
  • The discovery of Christopher Columbus
  • The arrival of the Pilgrims and Puritans (correct)

    • What is the period from 1607 to 1775 known as?

    <p>The Colonial Period</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who wrote 'Of Plymouth Plantation', a significant work from the Colonial Period?

    <p>William Bradford</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main character of the story of Pocahontas, as written by John Rolf's friend?

    <p>Captain John Smith</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant struggle faced by the Puritans and Pilgrims upon their arrival in America?

    <p>Their struggle with their identity, location, and purpose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a notable example of written work from the Colonial Period?

    <p>Columbus's letters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is Amerigo Vespucci significant in American history?

    <p>He identified America as a new continent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which period were most of the written works created by explorers?

    <p>The Colonial Period</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which writer's poetry diverged from the predominantly religious tone of the period?

    <p>Anne Bradstreet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What period of American literature is associated with the rise of romanticism and transcendentalism?

    <p>Romantic Period and Transcendentalism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following writers was an American teenage black slave?

    <p>Phillis Wheatley</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What period of American literature is characterized by a focus on depicting everyday life and society with a more realistic approach?

    <p>Realism Period</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which period saw significant changes in literary styles and themes, with a focus on breaking traditional forms?

    <p>Modernism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is the author of the essay 'The Poetic Principle'?

    <p>Edgar Allan Poe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What period is characterized by a focus on the influence of environment and heredity on human behavior?

    <p>Naturalism Period</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the period from 1775 to 1828 known as?

    <p>Early National Period</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which period includes movements like the Beat Generation and the rise of new voices in American literature?

    <p>Post-Modernism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of studying the different periods of American literature?

    <p>To understand the cultural and historical context that shaped American literature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the estimated native population of America when Europeans arrived?

    <p>50 to 100 million</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following works was NOT influenced by European literary traditions?

    <p>Native American oral cultures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main reason for the decline in native population from 50 to 100 million to 3 to 5 million?

    <p>Diseases, slavery, and torture brought by Europeans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following authors was influenced by Petrarch's sonnets?

    <p>William Shakespeare</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main characteristic of Native American cultures, such as the Cherokee, when it came to war?

    <p>They did not view war as glorious</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of Pope Nicholas V's authorities in 1441 and 1452?

    <p>They stated that the slavery of non-Christians was a great service to Jesus Christ</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the first slave rebellion in America led by?

    <p>Eight African Muslims</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did colonists in America read alongside European works?

    <p>Works from other cultures due to their diverse backgrounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main influence on early American literature?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of the interactions and conflicts between influences on American literature?

    <p>They created a unique literary tradition that continues to evolve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between the Catholic Church and Protestantism?

    <p>The authority of the Pope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who established the first successful English colony in America?

    <p>Pilgrims</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main theme of John Smith's 'The General History of Virginia, New-England, and the Summer Isles'?

    <p>The justification of massacre and genocide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who wrote the book 'Letters from an American Farmer'?

    <p>John de Crèvecœur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of Puritan ideology?

    <p>Individualism and a personal covenant with God</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between the Puritans and the Pilgrims?

    <p>Their view on the possibility of reform in the Church of England</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the Narratives of Discovery?

    <p>They were written by explorers, travelers, and adventurers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who wrote the novel 'Rip Van Winkle'?

    <p>Washington Irving</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the Protestant Church?

    <p>God, Jesus, and the disciples have authority</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main theme of the native text by Sargerivata?

    <p>The loss of native lands and the arrival of European settlers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    The Conception of the American Landscape

    • Amerigo Vespucci identified America as a new continent, not Christopher Columbus.
    • The Vikings were the first white people to set foot on the American continent, but they did not conceive the idea of America.
    • The British, specifically the Puritans and the Pilgrims aboard the Mayflower, first set foot on the American continent and formed the idea of America.

    The Puritan and Pilgrim Experience

    • The Puritans and Pilgrims faced struggles regarding their identity, location, and purpose, which is reflected in early American literature.
    • The period from 1607 to 1775 is known as the Colonial Period.

    Colonial Settlements

    • The Puritans settled on the continent and formed colonies in what would become the United States.
    • Notable works from this period include Columbus's letters and William Bradford's "Of Plymouth Plantation".
    • Benjamin Franklin and Anne Bradstreet were notable writers during this time.
    • Phillis Wheatley, an American teenage black slave, emerged as an important writer, offering early insights into racial struggles in America.

    The Revolutionary and Golden Ages of American Literature

    • The Revolutionary Period (1764-1790) is recognized for its pivotal role in shaping American literature.
    • The Early National Period (1775-1828) marks the beginning of what is now called American literature.
    • The Romantic Period or Transcendentalism (1828-1865) saw the rise of romanticism in America, which took a unique turn compared to its European counterpart.
    • Notable works from this period include Thoreau's "Walden", Walt Whitman's poetry, and Edgar Allan Poe's essay "The Poetic Principle".

    Realism and Naturalism

    • The Realism Period (1865-1900) focused on depicting everyday life and society with a more realistic approach.
    • The Naturalism Period (1900-1940) continued to build on the foundations laid by realism but with a more intense focus on the influence of environment and heredity on human behavior.

    Modernism and Post-Modernism

    • The Modernist Period (1914-1945) was marked by significant changes in literary styles and themes, with a focus on breaking traditional forms and experimenting with new techniques.
    • The Post-War Period (1945-1960s) is usually called the Post-Modern Period, although there is much disagreement about its exact boundaries.

    Henry VIII and the Church of England

    • Henry VIII wanted to divorce his wife, so he wrote a letter to the Pope seeking permission.
    • The Pope denied his request, leading Henry to start his own church, establishing the Church of England and breaking all ties with the Catholic Church.

    Protestantism and Puritan Ideology

    • Protestants do not follow the Catholic Church's authority, so every scripture from that time up until today becomes a source of divine communication.
    • In Puritan ideology, everyone has a personal covenant with God, with no mediator. Individualism is fundamental; the individual is the best source of understanding divine influence.

    Pilgrims and Puritans in America

    • Puritans favored reforms in the Church of England and tried to enforce these reforms, but their efforts ended in disaster.
    • In 1630, Puritans left England and formed the Massachusetts Bay Colony in America.

    Early American Texts

    • The first texts produced in relation to America were called the Narratives of Discovery.
    • Important works include John Smith's "The General History of Virginia, New-England, and the Summer Isles" and Native American texts.

    American Identity and Literature

    • French-American writer John de Crèvecœur's book "Letters from an American Farmer" asked, "What is an American?"
    • Washington Irving's novel "Rip Van Winkle" is considered the first major literary work of America.

    Literary Traditions and Influences

    • Early American literature was influenced by European works such as Beowulf, knight romances, Dante's "Divine Comedy", and "The Canterbury Tales".
    • Native American oral cultures and texts also influenced American literature.

    Native American Cultures

    • Native American oral cultures and texts did not view war as glorious, unlike European cultures.
    • The image of women in Native American cultures was also different from European perceptions.

    Slavery and Its Impact

    • The native population was estimated to be between 50 to 100 million, but after 50 years, this number dropped to 3 to 5 million due to diseases, slavery, and torture brought by Europeans.
    • The first slave rebellion in America was by eight African Muslims who killed nine Spaniards in Mexico.

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    Description

    Learn about the discovery and conception of America, including the roles of Amerigo Vespucci, the Vikings, and the British. This quiz covers the experiences of the Puritans and Pilgrims and their struggles in the New World.

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