Podcast
Questions and Answers
When evaluating a building for HVAC zoning, which of the following factors contributes to the sensible or latent load?
When evaluating a building for HVAC zoning, which of the following factors contributes to the sensible or latent load?
- The number of windows on the north side of the building.
- The type of flooring used in the building.
- The color of the building's exterior paint.
- The presence of computers and copiers within the building. (correct)
When applying zoning to a system, what range of ductwork oversizing is generally recommended to handle varying airflow conditions?
When applying zoning to a system, what range of ductwork oversizing is generally recommended to handle varying airflow conditions?
- 5% to 10%
- 20% to 25% (correct)
- 10% to 15%
- 30% to 35%
Why is it important to identify the orientation of a building when designing a zoned HVAC system?
Why is it important to identify the orientation of a building when designing a zoned HVAC system?
- To comply with local building codes regarding window placement.
- To determine the prevailing wind direction for ventilation.
- To assess the impact of solar heat load on south and west-facing areas. (correct)
- To calculate the optimal placement of outdoor HVAC equipment.
A contractor designs a duct system with a 30% oversizing. What is the PRIMARY reason a distributor/dealer might implement this level of oversizing?
A contractor designs a duct system with a 30% oversizing. What is the PRIMARY reason a distributor/dealer might implement this level of oversizing?
In a retrofitted zoning system, what is the primary reason for considering improvements to a building's insulation?
In a retrofitted zoning system, what is the primary reason for considering improvements to a building's insulation?
What is the benefit of using multi-stage heating and cooling equipment in a zoned HVAC system?
What is the benefit of using multi-stage heating and cooling equipment in a zoned HVAC system?
Which of the following statements BEST describes the function of a 'Direct Return' bypass system in HVAC zoning?
Which of the following statements BEST describes the function of a 'Direct Return' bypass system in HVAC zoning?
What is a potential disadvantage of using a 'Direct Return' bypass system in a zoned HVAC system?
What is a potential disadvantage of using a 'Direct Return' bypass system in a zoned HVAC system?
Why are ECM motors a good choice for air handlers/furnaces used in zoned HVAC systems?
Why are ECM motors a good choice for air handlers/furnaces used in zoned HVAC systems?
A homeowner wants to have different temperatures in their living room and bedrooms. What feature of a zoning system directly addresses this?
A homeowner wants to have different temperatures in their living room and bedrooms. What feature of a zoning system directly addresses this?
What is the purpose of calculating both block load estimates and zone load estimates when sizing equipment for a zoned HVAC system?
What is the purpose of calculating both block load estimates and zone load estimates when sizing equipment for a zoned HVAC system?
When installing a 'Direct Return' bypass duct, what is the MINIMUM recommended distance between the bypass duct connections and the HVAC equipment?
When installing a 'Direct Return' bypass duct, what is the MINIMUM recommended distance between the bypass duct connections and the HVAC equipment?
What problem is introduced when the Total Effective Length (TEL) of a ductwork system exceeds 100 feet, but the duct design is based on a 'rule of thumb' friction rate for 100 feet?
What problem is introduced when the Total Effective Length (TEL) of a ductwork system exceeds 100 feet, but the duct design is based on a 'rule of thumb' friction rate for 100 feet?
In a 'Dump Zone' bypass system, where is the excess supply air directed?
In a 'Dump Zone' bypass system, where is the excess supply air directed?
A contractor is installing a zoning system in a home. During the initial assessment, they notice significant temperature differences between the upstairs and downstairs. Why is this observation particularly important?
A contractor is installing a zoning system in a home. During the initial assessment, they notice significant temperature differences between the upstairs and downstairs. Why is this observation particularly important?
In retrofitting a building with a zoning system, which approach directly addresses the issue if an existing air distribution system is too small?
In retrofitting a building with a zoning system, which approach directly addresses the issue if an existing air distribution system is too small?
A homeowner expresses interest in both increased comfort and significant energy savings with a zoning system. How should this influence the design approach?
A homeowner expresses interest in both increased comfort and significant energy savings with a zoning system. How should this influence the design approach?
What is a potential negative consequence of using a 'Dump Zone' bypass, where excess air is directed into a specific area?
What is a potential negative consequence of using a 'Dump Zone' bypass, where excess air is directed into a specific area?
In a 'Dump Zone' configuration, what is the MINIMUM recommended distance between the bypass duct connection and the equipment or return?
In a 'Dump Zone' configuration, what is the MINIMUM recommended distance between the bypass duct connection and the equipment or return?
A zoning system is being installed in a home with an existing HVAC system. What is the most important consideration regarding the HVAC system's capacity?
A zoning system is being installed in a home with an existing HVAC system. What is the most important consideration regarding the HVAC system's capacity?
During a site survey for a zoning system installation, why is it important to identify large glass areas (exceeding 30% of the wall area)?
During a site survey for a zoning system installation, why is it important to identify large glass areas (exceeding 30% of the wall area)?
A homeowner expects a zoning system to completely eliminate temperature fluctuations in their home, maintaining a perfectly consistent temperature in every room at all times. What is the best course of action for the installer?
A homeowner expects a zoning system to completely eliminate temperature fluctuations in their home, maintaining a perfectly consistent temperature in every room at all times. What is the best course of action for the installer?
When designing a zoning system, what is the primary concern related to the air distribution system after the installation of dampers?
When designing a zoning system, what is the primary concern related to the air distribution system after the installation of dampers?
Why is it important to consider the effective length, rather than just the actual length, of ductwork when designing HVAC systems?
Why is it important to consider the effective length, rather than just the actual length, of ductwork when designing HVAC systems?
After completing a block load calculation for a home and individual zone load estimates, what is the next critical step in designing a zoning system?
After completing a block load calculation for a home and individual zone load estimates, what is the next critical step in designing a zoning system?
In duct system design, what is the purpose of calculating the 'Friction Rate', and how is it determined?
In duct system design, what is the purpose of calculating the 'Friction Rate', and how is it determined?
What is the key difference between 'Equivalent Length' and 'Effective Length' in duct system design, and why does this difference matter?
What is the key difference between 'Equivalent Length' and 'Effective Length' in duct system design, and why does this difference matter?
A duct system has a measured pressure drop (PD) of 0.08 inches of water column and a Total Effective Length (TEL) of 160 feet. What is the calculated Friction Rate for this system?
A duct system has a measured pressure drop (PD) of 0.08 inches of water column and a Total Effective Length (TEL) of 160 feet. What is the calculated Friction Rate for this system?
Which of the following is the MOST important consideration when selecting fittings for a duct system to minimize pressure drop?
Which of the following is the MOST important consideration when selecting fittings for a duct system to minimize pressure drop?
In a normal heating scenario with a multi-zone system, how do the damper positions respond to a call for heat in one zone?
In a normal heating scenario with a multi-zone system, how do the damper positions respond to a call for heat in one zone?
What determines equipment staging in a multi-stage system, and what factor can potentially delay this staging?
What determines equipment staging in a multi-stage system, and what factor can potentially delay this staging?
Under what circumstances will the blower be energized if any zone fan is set to 'ON'?
Under what circumstances will the blower be energized if any zone fan is set to 'ON'?
How can emergency heat be activated in a heat pump system, and what is a critical requirement for using thermostat-based activation?
How can emergency heat be activated in a heat pump system, and what is a critical requirement for using thermostat-based activation?
What is the function of the cycle timer in the control system, and how does it limit equipment cycling?
What is the function of the cycle timer in the control system, and how does it limit equipment cycling?
Before dampers move in the system, what sequence of actions is always maintained?
Before dampers move in the system, what sequence of actions is always maintained?
If all zone fan settings are set to 'AUTO', what will occur to the dampers?
If all zone fan settings are set to 'AUTO', what will occur to the dampers?
On the AC Control and HP/2S Control, what does an illuminated LED on an equipment output indicate?
On the AC Control and HP/2S Control, what does an illuminated LED on an equipment output indicate?
In Zone 2, if there were two 7-inch ducts and the total square inch area is calculated to be 132 sq. in., what is the square inch area contributed by the two 6-inch ducts?
In Zone 2, if there were two 7-inch ducts and the total square inch area is calculated to be 132 sq. in., what is the square inch area contributed by the two 6-inch ducts?
If the total branch square inch area for Zone 3 is 165 sq. in. and there are three 7-inch ducts, what is the area contributed by the two 6-inch ducts?
If the total branch square inch area for Zone 3 is 165 sq. in. and there are three 7-inch ducts, what is the area contributed by the two 6-inch ducts?
For Zone 4, given the provided values, which of the following calculations of the total branch square inches is correct?
For Zone 4, given the provided values, which of the following calculations of the total branch square inches is correct?
What is the main duct size (i.e., the diameter of the round duct) when the Main Duct (sq.in.) is 87?
What is the main duct size (i.e., the diameter of the round duct) when the Main Duct (sq.in.) is 87?
Based on the provided equivalent areas for ducts (sq.in.) table, what is the equivalent area of a duct that has a width of 14 inches and a height of 10 inches?
Based on the provided equivalent areas for ducts (sq.in.) table, what is the equivalent area of a duct that has a width of 14 inches and a height of 10 inches?
Imagine you need a duct with approximately 200 sq. in. of area. According to Table 2A, which rectangular duct dimensions would be the closest fit?
Imagine you need a duct with approximately 200 sq. in. of area. According to Table 2A, which rectangular duct dimensions would be the closest fit?
A ventilation system requires a main duct with a cross-sectional area of approximately 115 square inches. Based on the provided data, which of the following duct configurations would be most suitable?
A ventilation system requires a main duct with a cross-sectional area of approximately 115 square inches. Based on the provided data, which of the following duct configurations would be most suitable?
What is π (Pi) used for in the context of calculating round duct size from square inches?
What is π (Pi) used for in the context of calculating round duct size from square inches?
Flashcards
Zone Damper Behavior
Zone Damper Behavior
In normal operation, zones calling for the current mode have open dampers, while others are closed. Zones with fans set to 'ON' are open when there's no call.
Blower Operation
Blower Operation
If any zone fan is set to 'ON', the blower is activated. If all fans are set to 'AUTO', the dampers remain in their last position, and the blower is off.
Damper Movement Sequence
Damper Movement Sequence
When multiple dampers move, all dampers that need to open do so first, followed by all dampers that need to close.
Equipment Staging
Equipment Staging
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Emergency Heat Activation
Emergency Heat Activation
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LED Indicators
LED Indicators
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Cycle Timer
Cycle Timer
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Cycle timer maximum
Cycle timer maximum
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Equivalent Length
Equivalent Length
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Effective Length
Effective Length
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Friction Rate
Friction Rate
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Low Equivalent Length Fittings
Low Equivalent Length Fittings
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Friction Rate Formula
Friction Rate Formula
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Zoning System
Zoning System
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Primary Zoning Goal
Primary Zoning Goal
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Heating and Cooling System
Heating and Cooling System
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Zoning System Challenge
Zoning System Challenge
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Zoning System Design Goal
Zoning System Design Goal
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Initial Zoning Steps
Initial Zoning Steps
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Load Calculation
Load Calculation
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Understanding Goals
Understanding Goals
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Sensible/Latent Load Equipment
Sensible/Latent Load Equipment
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Shading Influences
Shading Influences
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Retrofitting Zoning
Retrofitting Zoning
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Ductwork Modification
Ductwork Modification
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Reduce Heating/Cooling Demand
Reduce Heating/Cooling Demand
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Multi-Stage Equipment
Multi-Stage Equipment
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Block Load Estimate
Block Load Estimate
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Zone Load Estimates
Zone Load Estimates
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Branch Duct Area
Branch Duct Area
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Main Duct Area
Main Duct Area
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Duct Area Table (Table 2B)
Duct Area Table (Table 2B)
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Equivalent Duct Areas (Table 2A)
Equivalent Duct Areas (Table 2A)
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Duct Sizing Worksheet
Duct Sizing Worksheet
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12" Round Duct
12" Round Duct
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Square Inches (sq.in.)
Square Inches (sq.in.)
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Pi (π)
Pi (π)
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Ductwork Oversizing for Zoning
Ductwork Oversizing for Zoning
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Direct Return Bypass
Direct Return Bypass
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Direct Return Disadvantages
Direct Return Disadvantages
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Dump Zone Bypass
Dump Zone Bypass
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Dump Zone Disadvantages
Dump Zone Disadvantages
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Leaving Air Temperature (LAT) Sensor
Leaving Air Temperature (LAT) Sensor
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LAT Sensor Placement
LAT Sensor Placement
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Dump Zone Comfort Issues
Dump Zone Comfort Issues
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Study Notes
- Carrier and Bryant offer zoning systems for residential and light commercial applications.
Comfort™ & Legacy™ Series Three-Zone System
- The system controls temperature and humidity and consists of individually sold components.
- A separate transformer is not needed; wires can enter from behind, above, or below.
- It offers independent temperature settings controlled by a 24v or Wi-Fi thermostat with up to five dampers per zone
- Each system controller includes a duct temperature sensor.
- Diagnostic LEDs and intelligent system diagnostics aid in troubleshooting.
- It allows four equipment cycles per hour for maximum equipment protection.
- Ten-year parts limited warranty is available with timely registration.
- The Comfort Series Three-Zone control panel options include: ZONECC3ZAC01 (1 Heat / 1 Cool), ZONECC3ZHP01 (3 Heat / 2 Cool), ZONEBB3ZAC01 (1 Heat / 1 Cool), and ZONEBB3ZHP01 (3 Heat / 2 Cool)
Comfort™ & Legacy™ Series Three-Zone System Features
- Has two separate controllers for AC and HP
- It uses conventional TSTATS and the Same Dampers as Other Carrier or Bryant Zone Systems
- Compatible with Rc Rh for Dual Heat Markets
- Has installer checkout routines
- Offers modulating damper control in emergency situations
- Has Damper fuse protection and high and low temperature limits
- Includes Time Guard override and compressor protection.
- Offers auto changeover, bypass setup routine, and staging time for energy savings
- It features automatic checkout with installer mode, override zoning switch, and timer override for serviceability.
- The system has: advanced energy savings algorithms, Remote access using your Apple or Android device
- Is compatible with your smart home and works seamlessly with Apple HomeKit and Amazon Alexa
- Includes an Outdoor Air Temperature (OAT) sensor and humidity display
- Has a five-year parts limited warranty
Dampers
- Up to five dampers may be used in each zone by electrically connecting them in parallel.
- By-pass dampers are available to prevent static pressure buildup and noise control.
- They can be mixed in round, slip-in, and rectangular configurations.
- Ten-year parts limited warranty is available with timely registration.
Performance™ & Preferred™ Series Four-Zone System
- Controls temperature and humidity in up to four zones in residential or light commercial applications.
- Features an innovative enclosure design with multiple wiring and mounting options
- The controller guides setup with simple steps and has an easy-to-read backlit LCD display indicating system status.
- Provides independent temperature settings for each zone controlled by a 24v or a Wi-Fi thermostat with up to five dampers per zone
- ELC (Electronic Limit Control) technology protects the system’s compressor and heat exchanger from freeze-up and overheating
- Offers color-coded LED indicators for easy troubleshooting
- Has a five-year parts limited warranty upon timely registration
Ease of Operation for the Four-Zone System
- Mix and match standard gas/electric and heat pump thermostats
- Offers staging based on supply air temperature and automatic changeover for maximum comfort
- A microprocessor manages complex decisions with adjustable staging time and temperature.
Configuration
- It features a simple step-by-step system setup guided by the controller and has an easy-to-read backlit LCD display.
- Has no dip switches, eliminating confusion
Troubleshooting
- The display indicates full system status with color-coded LED indicators for each thermostat.
- Has call and equipment call functionality
- Includes two-color LED indicators to show damper position and a red LED to indicate a blown fuse.
- There is no need for the customer to use the control panel.
- Offers selectable zone-1 priority for more customer control
- Emergency Heat can be enabled from the zone-1 thermostat
- Constant supply air monitoring from ELC ensures customer safety.
- Provides zone-specific ventilation by energizing the fan from any thermostat
- Compatible for 24V thermostat with single-stage thermostats
Installation
- It mounts with two screws and has quick-connect screw-less terminals and an innovative enclosure design with multiple wiring and mounting options
Infinity® & Evolution® Zoning Systems
- Control temperature and humidity in up to eight zones in residential or light commercial applications.
- Separate control of multiple zones maximizes efficiency and indoor comfort.
- Has a full-color touch screen, serves as the brain of the zoning system, and offers a default temperature and humidity sensor for Zone 1
- Users can operate, program, setup, monitor, and troubleshoot the system
- Manages each zone's airflow and adjusts for quiet comfort.
- Offers ten-year parts limited warranty upon timely registration.
- Works with variable speed systems and has four or eight zone configurations with an additional zone board
- Requires no LAT and HPT Sensors and no bypass damper
- Increases humidity control and is the easiest to use and most comprehensive controller in the business.
Infinity® & Evolution® Zoning Components
- One system consists of some or all of the following components: a full glass touch screen with 2.8 color display
- Has a small size (3.5" x 2.5" x 0.85") providing an intuitive user experience.
- Temperature accuracy displays outdoor temperature and indoor humidity plus the ability to change temperature or fan speed from the zone
- Offers ten-year parts limited warranty upon timely registration
- Provides the temperature reading to the Infinity system control in remote locations.
- Two-wire sensors are wired back to the Infinity damper control module.
- One should recommend running four wires for future smart sensor installation.
- Receives signals from the Infinity system control and turns on equipment and modulates the necessary dampers to maintain space temperature Major components connect directly to the damper control module.
- One damper control module serves up to four zones, cycling one zone at a time to minimize the system transformer load.
- Modulating dampers are available in round, rectangular, or slip-in sizes.
- Powered open and closed using a 24 VAC three-wire connection with non-spring return and specific drive timing
- Designed to draw less current, allowing up to five dampers to a single zone and can be mixed in different combinations
- The Zoning Systems control up to 8 zones independently.
- Systems provide separate temperature and fan speed in each zone with ComfortFan.
- Features smart recovery and smart sensors.
- Each zone can handle five dampers
- Zoning System Sensors include: ZONEXX0DTS01 LAT & HPT SENSOR and TSTATXXSEN01 OAT SENSOR
Why is zoning important?
- Address temperature differences greater than 5 degrees between floors or rooms.
- Customers are willing to pay for comfort, increasing profitability by over 20% and saving energy. -The primary objective of zoning is increasing home comfort.
Zoning System Design Factors
- A zoning system is only part of a complete heating and cooling system and a properly selected system has limited heating and cooling capacity.
- Ensure the air distribution system does not become too small.
Questions to Answer Before Zoning
- Assess homeowner goals for comfort and energy savings and conduct a site survey to make preliminary zone assignments
- Calculate the structure block load estimate and each zone's load estimate for heating and cooling.
- Size the heating/cooling equipment for the block load, not the zoning load
- Determine if a bypass is needed or allowed and explain the Duct Sizing Worksheet.
Assigning Zones
- It is essential to understand the goals before designing the system and addressing potentially unrealistic customer expectations.
Site Survey
- Provides the rough dimensions of each area or room.
- Indicates the location and relative size of doors, windows, and skylights.
- Identify large glass areas exceeding 30 percent of the wall area and any equipment adding sensible/latent load.
- Determines if any overhangs, trees, or buildings cast shade on the building's exposures.
- Pay attention to the home/building's orientation to determine solar heat load.
Retrofitting Installation Considerations
- Modify existing ductwork and dampers for additional airflow.
- Set mechanical minimum damper positions in some zones, and improve insulation to reduce heating/cooling demand.
- Utilize multi-stage heating and cooling equipment to match the load when only a limited number of zones require conditioning.
- Select an air handler/furnace to overcome high static pressure; ECM motors are a good choice.
Equipment Sizing
- Calculate block load estimates and zone load estimates for heating and cooling and use a reliable method to estimate.
- Calculate individual "room-by-room" heating and cooling load estimates (in Btu's) for sizing dampers and ductwork.
- Zone load estimates determine whether zone assignments make sense and size zone dampers and ductwork.
Duct System Sizing
- Oversizing of ductwork by 20-25% to handle varying conditions of airflow within the system is recommend.
- Some distributors/dealers design with as much as 30% oversizing as a built-in safety factor."
- "The "rule of thumb" is using friction rates of 0.1 (supply) or 0.08 (return) to design a duct system.
- Knowing this is based on 100 ft of equivalent ductwork and that factoring in fittings can cause Total Effective Length (TEL) to exceed 100 ft, potentially undersizing the ductwork, is important.
Types of System Bypass
- "Direct Return" - takes the excess supply air and directs it back into the return air side of the system.
- "Dump Zone" - takes the excess supply air and directs it back into the conditioned space."
- "Controlled Leakage" - type can divert the excess supply air and direct it into different zones.
"Direct Return" Bypass Features
A DIRECT RETURN" type takes the excess supply air and directs it back into the return air side of the system.
- Direct bypassing only slows getting too hot or cold
- Additional temperature sensors must be installed.
- Bypass ducts must be six feet from the equipment leaving the air temperature (LAT).
"Dump Zone" Bypass Features
- It takes the excess supply air and directs it back into the conditioned space.
- This "could cause the area you are using as the 'Dump Zone' to become conditioned resulting in a lack of Comfort for the homeowner."
- One must install the bypass duct connection a minimum of 6' away from the equipment or return.
- The “Dump Zone” has a risk of increasing air noise.
- This bypass reduces the effect of downtime.
"Controlled Leakage" Bypass Features
- Can divert excess supply air and direct it into different zones.
- “Controlled Leakage” bypassing may cause areas to become over-conditioned
- Set a minimum set screw position on the zone damper/s to continuously leak air.
- The "Dump Zone” could increase air noise. eliminates shutdown to temp.
Infinity™ & Evolution™ Airflows
- The Infinity and Evolution zoning systems do not facilitate bypass.
- These systems know the airflow capability of the ductwork and zones and control the blower to provide airflow and capacity for zones in demand.
- Purpose for a Bypass has always been to address noise;
- The system only registers this addition as a leak.
Installation Factors
- Use a user interface (thermostat) with room sensors in non-condensing areas.
- Zone Dampers and Zone Damper Module are in non-condensing areas (32 to 120 degrees).
- Zone Dampers are Ambient between -4° F to 158° F
- TXV (thermostatic expansion valve) is required at the indoor unit coil
- There should be proper duct and equipment sizing
- It is desirable because of the smallest zone handle the minimum airflow: A two-stage system on HIGH typically intakes 275cfm/ton, vs the average lowest 175 cfm/Ton.
- An important design tip is to use industry-standard design tools to help design the duct and zoning systems.
The Zoning Starting Point
- Is to match design with a strong heat loss/gain calculation for the structure.
- Larger equipment won’t always be more effective. Select equipment that is meant for more smaller air flow loads.
- After the calculation, determine the air flow, in cfm, for the zone. It is critical to deliver the correct amounts of airflow to each zone for an efficient system.
- Consult a professional for more instructions for HVAC systems, more specifically the airflow amount.
Zoning Components
- Smart Zoning Sensors (SYSTXZNSMS01)You choose the Brand of the Sensor when you power it up! & Remote Room Sensors (CEYSTXCCRRS01 SYSTYRRRRS01)
- INFINITY® & EVOLUTION® DAMPER CONTROL MODULE (SYSTXCC4ZC01 SYSTXBB4ZC01) & DAMPERS (8-IN. OR 24-IN.) (DAMPREC, DAMPSL, DAMPRND)
- Zoning Dampers & Accessories
- 45° Actuator for round dampers DAMPACT45DEG---R & 90° Actuator for rectangular dampers DAMPACT90DEG---R & Damper Actuator Cover DAMPACTXXCOV
- Round Dampers - DAMPRND08INC---B /Rectangular Dampers DAMPREC08X10---B/ Rectangular Barometric Bypass DAMPRECB08X14/ Round Barometric Bypass DAMPBAR10INC/ Slip---In Dampers Side mount & Bottom mount DAMPSLS08X10---
Planning the Installation
- Requires grouping rooms with similar usage, occupancy, and heat load.
- Separate different levels in a home into different zones and Existing ductwork.
- The installation is a retrofit with a system containing one or more existing and future duct systems.
- Existing duct systems may include limitations, dampers, or other existing problems.
- Damper Arrangement, Rectangular, and rectangular, will all be intermixed in any configuration.
- Comfort VS Energy Saving, save at different times, different losses and gains, different levels of desired temperatures, separated into separate zones
- Most systems include HVAC options and multi capability.
- In reality, The Zone-to-Zone system will be much less expensive or easier to be repaired.
- Many sections, which feature modulators.
Terms You Should Know
- ACCA Manual J - covers Load Calculations
- ACCA Manual D - covers Duct Design
- ACCA Manual ZR - covers Residential Zoning
- SMACNA - Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning Contractors
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