Dysphagia: Causes and Symptoms

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What is the main characteristic of dysphagia?

Frequent vomiting
Painful swallowing
Difficulty in swallowing (correct)
Burning sensation in the throat

Which type of tumour is most commonly associated with dysphagia?

Melanoma
Basal cell carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma (correct)
Adenocarcinoma

What is a common complication of oesophageal tumours?

Achalasia
Gastro-oesophageal reflux
Oesophageal spasms
Tracheo-oesophageal fistulation (correct)

Which of the following can cause a foreign body obstruction in the oesophagus?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of a web in the oesophagus?

A fibrous stricture at the upper end of the oesophagus (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a cause of oesophageal spasms?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary result of achalasia of the cardia?

Functional obstruction to oesophageal emptying with dysphagia for solids and liquids (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of balloon dilatation in treating achalasia?

To restore the flow in the oesophagus (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common cause of oesophageal spasm?

Gastro-oesophageal reflux (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential result of an oesophageal spasm in relation to the oesophagus?

A corkscrew oesophagus (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a symptom of iron deficiency anaemia related to the oesophagus?

Dysphagia (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is cardiomyotomy?

A surgical treatment for achalasia (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main symptom of globus hystericus?

Sensation of a lump in the throat (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the weak point of the oesophagus called?

Killian's dehiscence (C) Signup and view all the answers

What type of muscle coats the outer layer of the oesophagus?

Longitudinal muscle (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of oesophagitis?

Inflammation of the oesophagus due to acid reflux (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the stimulation of the vomiting centres in the lateral reticular formation of the medulla?

Vomiting (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the vagus nerve in the oesophagus?

Innervation of motor and sensory nerves (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of the oesophagus?

A mix of striated and non-striated muscle (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is achalasia of the cardia?

Loss of ganglia from the intramural plexus (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of epithelium that lines the mucosal layer of the oesophagus?

Stratified Squamous Non Keratinising Epithelium (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the herniation of mucosa through a weakness in the pharyngeal constrictor muscles?

Pharyngeal pouch (A) Signup and view all the answers