Dysphagia: Causes and Symptoms

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Questions and Answers

What is the main characteristic of dysphagia?

  • Frequent vomiting
  • Painful swallowing
  • Difficulty in swallowing (correct)
  • Burning sensation in the throat

Which type of tumour is most commonly associated with dysphagia?

  • Melanoma
  • Basal cell carcinoma
  • Squamous cell carcinoma (correct)
  • Adenocarcinoma

What is a common complication of oesophageal tumours?

  • Achalasia
  • Gastro-oesophageal reflux
  • Oesophageal spasms
  • Tracheo-oesophageal fistulation (correct)

Which of the following can cause a foreign body obstruction in the oesophagus?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of a web in the oesophagus?

<p>A fibrous stricture at the upper end of the oesophagus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a cause of oesophageal spasms?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary result of achalasia of the cardia?

<p>Functional obstruction to oesophageal emptying with dysphagia for solids and liquids (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of balloon dilatation in treating achalasia?

<p>To restore the flow in the oesophagus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common cause of oesophageal spasm?

<p>Gastro-oesophageal reflux (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential result of an oesophageal spasm in relation to the oesophagus?

<p>A corkscrew oesophagus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a symptom of iron deficiency anaemia related to the oesophagus?

<p>Dysphagia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is cardiomyotomy?

<p>A surgical treatment for achalasia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main symptom of globus hystericus?

<p>Sensation of a lump in the throat (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the weak point of the oesophagus called?

<p>Killian's dehiscence (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of muscle coats the outer layer of the oesophagus?

<p>Longitudinal muscle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of oesophagitis?

<p>Inflammation of the oesophagus due to acid reflux (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the stimulation of the vomiting centres in the lateral reticular formation of the medulla?

<p>Vomiting (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the vagus nerve in the oesophagus?

<p>Innervation of motor and sensory nerves (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of the oesophagus?

<p>A mix of striated and non-striated muscle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is achalasia of the cardia?

<p>Loss of ganglia from the intramural plexus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of epithelium that lines the mucosal layer of the oesophagus?

<p>Stratified Squamous Non Keratinising Epithelium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the herniation of mucosa through a weakness in the pharyngeal constrictor muscles?

<p>Pharyngeal pouch (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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