Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Assessment Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following signs and symptoms would be assessed during a cardiovascular assessment in a patient with a suspected muscular dystrophy?

  • Dyspnea
  • Palpitations
  • Edema
  • All of the above (correct)

    • During a respiratory assessment, which of these findings could indicate respiratory impairment in someone with muscular dystrophy?

  • Wheezes
  • Crackles
  • Orthopnea
  • All of the above (correct)

    • What would be assessed during the GI assessment of a patient suspected of having muscular dystrophy?

  • Bowel habits
  • Abdominal distention
  • Fluid and electrolyte balance
  • All of the above (correct)

    • Which of these findings would be considered during a GU assessment of a patient with a suspected muscular dystrophy?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What protein is deficient in Duchenne muscular dystrophy?

    <p>Dystrophin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following assessments is specifically focused on evaluating the patient’s muscle function and integrity?

    <p>MSK</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a clinical manifestation of Duchenne muscular dystrophy?

    <p>Increased muscle strength</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a diagnostic test for Duchenne muscular dystrophy?

    <p>Genetic testing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of nursing interventions for patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy?

    <p>Prevent complications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common nursing assessment for patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy?

    <p>Assessing for pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common nursing intervention for patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy?

    <p>Providing nutritional counseling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common clinical manifestation of Duchenne muscular dystrophy?

    <p>Muscle weakness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical onset of Duchenne muscular dystrophy?

    <p>Early childhood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of osteoporosis on bone?

    <p>Reduction in both quantity and quality of bone tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following hormones is NOT directly associated with bone metabolism in osteoporosis?

    <p>Insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of osteoporosis primarily affects postmenopausal women?

    <p>Primary osteoporosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of secondary osteoporosis?

    <p>Less common and can affect anyone regardless of hormonal status</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which areas of the body do osteoporosis-related fractures most commonly occur?

    <p>Wrists, hip, and vertebral column</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential method for preventing primary osteoporosis?

    <p>Lifestyle modifications and medications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does RANK play in osteoclast function during bone resorption?

    <p>It stimulates osteoclast differentiation and activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about fractures related to osteoporosis is accurate?

    <p>They occur more frequently than cardiovascular diseases combined</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common consequence of the breakdown of cartilage in osteoarthritis (OA)?

    <p>Narrowing of the joint space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which demographic factor is most strongly associated with an increased risk of developing OA?

    <p>Having a family history of OA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a clinical manifestation of osteoarthritis?

    <p>Joint swelling and tenderness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the main steps in the pathophysiology of OA?

    <p>Release of enzymes damaging cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following lifestyle factors can increase the risk of developing OA?

    <p>Obesity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What diagnostic test is commonly used to assess the severity of osteoarthritis?

    <p>X-ray studies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What additional factor may influence the development of secondary osteoarthritis?

    <p>Past joint injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the bone formations that can develop in osteoarthritis?

    <p>Bone spurs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes primary osteoarthritis?

    <p>It has no known cause and is related to aging.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom that worsens with activity in patients with osteoarthritis?

    <p>Joint pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of arthritis primarily attacks the lining of joints?

    <p>Rheumatoid arthritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of osteoarthritis?

    <p>Crepitus in the joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What laboratory tests are commonly monitored for assessing rheumatoid arthritis?

    <p>ESR, CRP, RF, ANA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which metabolic bone disease is characterized by porous and fragile bones?

    <p>Osteoporosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary treatment approach for a patient with rheumatoid arthritis?

    <p>Supportive devices and self-management education</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptom would most likely indicate a patient is suffering from osteomalacia?

    <p>Bone pain and muscle weakness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is associated with genetic defects in collagen production?

    <p>Osteogenesis imperfecta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which joint is most commonly affected by osteoarthritis?

    <p>Knee</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Kyphosis can significantly affect which bodily function?

    <p>Lung expansion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common non-pharmacological intervention for arthritis pain management?

    <p>Cold therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common consequence of untreated osteoporosis?

    <p>Increased risk of fractures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Symptoms of osteoarthritis often improve with which of the following?

    <p>Rest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nutritional component is often recommended to support joint health?

    <p>Anti-inflammatory foods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What potential adverse effect should be monitored for patients taking OA medications?

    <p>Skin integrity issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of spina bifida is the most common?

    <p>Spina bifida occulta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is NOT a potential symptom of spina bifida occulta?

    <p>Hydrocephalus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most severe form of spina bifida?

    <p>Spina bifida myelomeningocele</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of spina bifida involves the protrusion of a fluid-filled sac through the opening in the spine?

    <p>Spina bifida meningocele</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these conditions is a potential complication of spina bifida myelomeningocele?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is NOT a typical nursing assessment for a patient with spina bifida?

    <p>Psychiatric assessment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is a common laboratory test for a patient with spina bifida?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is NOT a potential nursing intervention for a patient with spina bifida?

    <p>Prescribing medication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of maternal serum screening in relation to spina bifida?

    <p>To identify women at risk for having a child with spina bifida</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these can affect the development and symptoms of spina bifida?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is NOT a potential impact of spina bifida myelomeningocele on a person?

    <p>Increased risk for heart disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary rationale for performing surgery to repair a sac in spina bifida meningocele?

    <p>To prevent infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common type of spina bifida that may not cause any symptoms or problems?

    <p>Spina bifida occulta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is NOT a typical complication of spina bifida myelomeningocele?

    <p>Pneumonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of bladder training for a patient with spina bifida?

    <p>To improve bladder control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is a potential nursing intervention for a patient with spina bifida who is at risk for pressure ulcers?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Musculoskeletal System Overview

    • The presentation focused on musculoskeletal topics, including the immobilized client, aging, joint disorders, metabolic bone disease, neuromuscular disorders, and neural tube defects.
    • Objectives included reflecting on anatomy and physiology of the musculoskeletal system, explaining the pathophysiology of related conditions, and reviewing relevant nursing assessments, clinical manifestations, and lab values.

    Aging and the Musculoskeletal System

    • Age-related changes in bone structure include reduced bone strength and increased risk of fractures, loss of bone mass and density, and increased joint stiffness and pain.
    • Age-related changes in muscle cause a loss of muscle mass and strength, reduced muscle tone, and decreased endurance and performance.
    • These changes relate to chronic illness and affect height, posture, and mobility.

    Factors Affecting Mobility

    • Factors that affect mobility include age, physical health, injuries, nutrition, mental health, environmental factors, medications, lifestyle, personal values, and attitudes.

    Physiological Complications of Immobility

    • The presentation discussed potential physiological complications resulting from increased immobility.

    Factors Increasing MSK Disorder Risk

    • Intrinsic factors related to individual characteristics include age, gender (women more prone to osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and fibromyalgia), genetics, and health status (e.g., chronic diseases).
    • Extrinsic factors related to environmental or behavioral influences impacting MSK disorders include lifestyle (smoking, poor nutrition, inactivity, stress), occupation (heavy lifting, repetitive motion, vibration), and exposure to hazards (e.g., falls, trauma).

    Understanding Patho from a CJMM Lens

    • The presentation described a process to understand the pathological mechanisms of a condition from a clinical judgment model perspective.
    • Includes recognizing cues, analyzing cues, prioritizing hypotheses, evaluating the clinical judgment model, and generating actions/interventions.
    • Using resources in D2L, the process of diagnosis and pathophysiology are explored.

    Disorders of the Joint: Osteoarthritis

    • Osteoarthritis (OA) is a type of arthritis affecting joints, primarily in older people.
    • OA results from cartilage degradation, bone sclerosis, and bone spur formation (osteophytes).
    • It leads to pain, stiffness, and decreased mobility.

    OA Pathophysiology

    • OA pathophysiology involves cartilage breakdown, enzyme release, inflammatory factors, and narrowing of joint space, increasing friction between bones.
    • Risk factors include demographic factors (e.g., age, gender, family history) and lifestyle factors (e.g., obesity, smoking, occupation, joint injuries).

    OA Cause, Affected Joints, Diagnostic Tests, and Clinical Manifestations

    • OA's primary cause is unknown, affecting many joints, especially the knees, hips, hands, and spine.
    • Diagnosis involves clinical assessment, physical examination, and X-ray studies to detect joint space narrowing, subchondral sclerosis, subchondral cysts, and osteophytes.
    • Clinical manifestations include joint pain, stiffness, reduced mobility worsening with activity, crepitus, swelling, tenderness, and joint deformity.

    Nursing Assessment for OA

    • History, neurological, cardiovascular, respiratory, GI, GU, musculoskeletal, and integumentary assessments are crucial.
    • Relevant lab tests evaluate inflammation and rule out secondary causes, monitor medication effects, and assess bone structure/quality.

    Metabolic Bone Disease

    • Overview of osteoporosis, osteomalacia, osteogenesis imperfecta, and Paget's disease.
    • Describes loss of bone mass and density, softening/weakening of bones, fragility issues, abnormal bone structure, and chronic remodeling process.

    Osteoporosis Pathophysiology

    • A metabolic bone disease that causes bone loss and increases fracture risk, affecting bone quantity and quality (cortical and trabecular).
    • Various hormones influence the development of osteoporosis, including growth hormone, thyroid hormone, parathyroid hormone, and cortisol.

    Osteoporosis Primary or Secondary

    • Primary osteoporosis is the most common type, largely affecting postmenopausal women and older men.
    • Secondary osteoporosis is less common, related to medical conditions or medications impacting bone metabolism.

    OPG/RANKL/RANK Pathway

    • A pathway involving RANK, RANKL, and OPG, influencing osteoclast activity and bone resorption.

    Exacerbating Factors for Secondary Osteoporosis

    • Related to glucocorticoid usage, this has effects on osteoclast survival, osteoblast formation, osteocyte apoptosis, RANKL expression, and reduced OPG production.

    Osteoporosis Clinical Manifestations

    • Osteoporosis key symptoms include a dowager's hump, height loss, and back pain, with frequent fractures in the spine, hip, and wrist.

    Nursing Assessment for Osteoporosis

    • Includes gathering history, assessing neurological, cardiovascular, respiratory, and other systemic factors, and analyzing lab results.

    Neural Tube Defects (Spina Bifida)

    • Describes the pathophysiology, impact on the person, and nursing interventions for different types of spina bifida (occulta, meningocele, myelomeningocele).

    Cerebral Palsy

    • Types of cerebral palsy, diagnostic criteria, prevalence, associated impairments, and nursing knowledge.
    • Early diagnosis includes handedness, stiffness, and other developmental and motor delay indicators.

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    Musculoskeletal Presentation PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the assessments and interventions related to Duchenne muscular dystrophy. This quiz covers cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary aspects as well as specific clinical manifestations and diagnostic tests. Perfect for nursing students and professionals.

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