DSM-5-TR Disorders Review

Excessive thoughts, feelings, or behaviors related to somatic symptoms. Individuals with Somatic Symptom Disorder experience significant distress and functional impairment due to their symptoms.

Illness Anxiety Disorder is primarily characterized by high health anxiety in the absence of significant somatic symptoms. Individuals are preoccupied with having or acquiring a serious illness despite medical reassurances.

Enuresis can be diagnosed if a child is at least 5 years old and experiences the involuntary or intentional micturition of urine into bed or clothes.

A subtype of Encopresis involving poorly formed feces and constipation is associated with with constipation and overflow incontinence. It involves leakage around impacted stool.

Rotational insomnia is NOT a subtype of Insomnia Disorder in DSM-5-TR. The current subtypes are Initial, Middle and Terminal insomnia.

When people have an irresistible need to sleep, this key feature characterizes Narcolepsy.

Erectile Disorder involves difficulty in maintaining an erection for at least 6 months, causing significant distress.

Male Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder refers to a sexual dysfunction applies when distress is due to low sexual desire in males.

Kleptomania is best defined as the failure to resist impulses to steal items not needed for personal use or monetary value. Individuals with kleptomania experience tension before the theft and relief or gratification afterward.

Conduct Disorder is diagnosed when there is persistent aggressive behavior violating rights of others. These behaviors may include aggression towards people and animals, destruction of property, deceitfulness or theft, and serious violations of rules.

A distinguishing feature of Intermittent Explosive Disorder is impulsive aggressive outbursts disproportionate to stressors. The outbursts are unplanned and involve a failure to control aggressive impulses.

Pyromania involves compulsive fire setting without motive for gain, unlike arson which is done with a motive.

A child with Oppositional Defiant Disorder will likely NOT show Aggression toward animals.

Major Neurocognitive Disorder differs from Mild NCD in Level of impairment. Major NCD involves significant cognitive decline that interferes with independence, while Mild NCD involves modest cognitive decline that does not prevent independence.

Delirium involves sudden disturbances in attention and awareness that develop over a short period. It represents a change from baseline and tends to fluctuate in severity during the course of the day.

NCD with Lewy Bodies is associated with visual hallucinations and Parkinsonism. Other core features include fluctuating cognition and REM sleep behavior disorder.

A key feature of Gender Dysphoria in adolescents includes a strong desire to be of another gender. It involves a marked incongruence between one's experienced/expressed gender and assigned gender.

Female sexual interest/arousal disorder is a sexual dysfunction disorder that is specific to females.

Genito-Pelvic Pain/Penetration Disorder is marked by pain during or fear of penetration.

Delayed Ejaculation requires symptoms to persist for at least 6 months with significant distress.

Factitious Disorder differs from malingering in that the motivation is to assume the sick role with no obvious external rewards.

Conversion Disorder involves neurological symptoms incompatible with medical findings. The symptoms are not intentionally produced or feigned.

In Somatic Symptom Disorder, symptoms must be present for 6 months. The symptoms cause disproportionate distress and disruption in daily life.

A hallmark of Body Dysmorphic Disorder is obsession with perceived body defects, leading to significant distress and impairment.

Intellectual Disability diagnosis requires deficits in intellectual and adaptive functioning. Deficits must be in conceptual, social, and practical domains and onset during the developmental period.

Tourette's Disorder includes both motor and vocal tics that have persisted for more than one year.

Specific Learning Disorder involves difficulty in reading, writing, or math. The difficulties are unexpected in relation to the individual's age and educational opportunities.

Autism Spectrum Disorder includes difficulty in social communication and restricted interests. It involves persistent deficits in social interaction and communication across multiple contexts, as well as restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities.

ADHD requires onset of symptoms before age 12. Symptoms must cause impairment in multiple settings (e.g., home, school, work).

Persistent fecal incontinence is referred to as Encopresis.

Persistent irritability and frequent temper outbursts in children define Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder. The outbursts are persistent and present most of the day, nearly every day.

A required symptom domain for diagnosing Personality Disorders is enduring maladaptive patterns of cognition, affectivity, interpersonal functioning, or impulse control. The patterns are inflexible and pervasive across a broad range of personal and social situations.

Paraphilic disorders are diagnosed when there is distress, impairment, or harm to others. The paraphilia causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.

Pedophilic Disorder requires that the individual is at least 16 years old and 5 years older than the child involved. The individual must also have acted on the urges or the urges cause clinically significant distress or impairment.

Tardive Dyskinesia is primarily associated with antipsychotic medications that block dopamine receptors.

Medication-Induced Parkinsonism mimics features of Parkinson's disease, such as tremor, rigidity, and bradykinesia.

Catatonia includes symptoms such as stupor, waxy flexibility, and mutism. It involves a marked psychomotor disturbance that may involve decreased motor activity, excessive motor activity, or peculiar movements.

The Cultural Formulation Interview (CFI) is used to explore cultural context in psychiatric assessment. It is a semi-structured interview used to obtain information about the individual's cultural background, beliefs, and experiences relevant to their mental health.

"Nervous breakdown" is an example of a cultural idiom of distress. It is a way of expressing distress that is recognized within a particular culture but may not correspond to a specific DSM diagnosis.

An unspecified mental disorder diagnosis is used when symptoms cause distress but do not meet full diagnostic criteria for a specific disorder.

Neurocognitive decline affecting daily independence suggests Major NCD because the person cannot function daily.

The onset of Delirium is typically sudden within hours or days. It is a disturbance in attention and awareness that develops rapidly and represents a change from baseline.

Hallmark of frontotemporal NCD includes prominent behavioral changes and language issues. Memory impairment may be less prominent than in other types of NCDs.

A feature of Antisocial Personality Disorder is disregard for others and repeated unlawful acts. Individuals with ASPD often violate the rights of others and show a lack of remorse for their actions.

Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD) differs from OCD in that OCPD is ego-syntonic, OCD is ego-dystonic. OCPD do not recognize their symptoms are problematic, while OCD do.

Dissociative Identity Disorder includes two or more distinct identity states or personality states. Each identity state may have its own pattern of perceiving, relating to, and thinking about the environment and self.

In Sleep Apnea, symptoms often include pauses in breathing during sleep, leading to disrupted sleep and daytime sleepiness.

Gender Dysphoria in adults involves desire to be the other gender and distress over the incongruence between one's experienced/expressed gender and assigned gender.

Delirium is most often reversible when caused by medication side effects or infections. Addressing the underlying cause is essential for resolution.

A Z-code such as "No diagnosis or condition" is used when no mental disorder is present after assessment. It is used to document situations or conditions that are not attributable to a mental disorder but may be a focus of clinical attention.