DSM-5-TR: OCD and Related Disorders
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Questions and Answers

Obsessions are intrusive thoughts, urges, or images that cause distress.

True (A)

Compulsions are behaviors or mental acts performed to reduce anxiety or distress.

True (A)

A person needs both obsessions and compulsions for an OCD diagnosis.

False (B)

ERP stands for Exposure and Response Prevention.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The most common type of delusion is the persecutory type.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hallucinations are perceptions that occur in response to external stimuli.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The most common type of hallucination is the auditory type.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In body dysmorphic disorder, the individual's primary concern is obsessive focus on perceived flaws in their appearance.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hoarding disorder is diagnosed if the hoarding behavior is due to a medical condition.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The main categories of PTSD include intrusion symptoms, avoidance, negative alterations in cognition and mood, and alterations in arousal and reactivity.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Acute Stress Disorder symptoms persist for more than a month.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ideal timing for prolonged exposure therapy for PTSD is to begin soon after the trauma.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The two main interventions for PTSD are prolonged exposure therapy and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR).

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A non-bizarre delusion is impossible.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Schizophreniform disorder lasts for less than 6 months.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Schizoaffective disorder is characterized by a major mood episode coinciding with schizophrenia symptoms.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Psychotic-like symptoms can be caused by substances, medications, or medical conditions.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The most common type of treatment for ODD and CD is positive reinforcement.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A diagnosis of intellectual disability requires deficits in both intellectual functioning and adaptive functioning.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), the two main categories of impairment are social communication and interaction deficits and restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

ADHD symptoms must be evident in at least three settings for a diagnosis to be made.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Tourette's disorder is characterized by both motor tics and vocal tics.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the four main symptom categories of PTSD?

<p>Intrusion symptoms, avoidance, negative alterations in cognition and mood, and alterations in arousal and reactivity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A person needs both obsessions and compulsions to be diagnosed with OCD.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended treatment for OCD?

<p>Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the ideal timing for prolonged exposure therapy for PTSD?

<p>Shortly after the trauma</p> Signup and view all the answers

Auditory hallucinations are the most common type of hallucination.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the distinguishing feature of schizoaffective disorder?

<p>A major mood episode occurring concurrently with schizophrenia symptoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most effective treatment for ODD and CD involving parents?

<p>Parent Management Training (PMT)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Tourette's disorder is characterized by only motor tics.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are two examples of environmental risk factors for schizophrenia?

<p>Prenatal exposure to infections and early stressors</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some examples of drugs that can contribute to schizophrenia symptoms?

<p>Cannabis and amphetamines</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Obsessions

Persistent thoughts, urges, or images causing distress.

Compulsions

Repetitive behaviors or mental acts reducing anxiety.

OCD Diagnosis

Doesn't require both obsessions and compulsions; consumes over an hour a day, causing distress.

ERP (OCD Treatment)

Exposure and Response Prevention, exposing to anxiety triggers while preventing compulsive reactions.

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Hoarding Disorder Motivation

Therapists help clients find goals and benefits of decluttering, as individuals often don't seek help voluntarily.

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PTSD Symptom Categories

Intrusion, avoidance, negative mood/cognition, altered arousal/reactivity.

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PTSD vs Acute Stress Disorder

PTSD lasts over a month; acute stress disorder within 3 days-1 month post trauma.

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Prolonged Exposure Therapy

PTSD treatment exposing individuals to trauma memories and reminders to reduce fear.

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PTSD Interventions

Besides prolonged exposure, Cognitive Processing Therapy and EMDR are effective.

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Delusions

Fixed, false beliefs.

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Hallucinations

Perceptions without external stimuli.

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Persecutory Delusions

False belief of being targeted or harmed.

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Bizarre Delusions

Implausible, false beliefs.

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Common Obsessions

Contamination, fears of harm.

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Common Compulsions

Excessive washing, checking.

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Body Dysmorphic Disorder

Obsessive focus on perceived flaws in appearance.

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Hoarding Disorder Criteria

Emotional attachment to items and fear of needing them in the future.

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Hoarding Disorder Medical Exclusion

DSM-5 diagnosis excluded if due to another medical condition.

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Intellectual Disability (ID) Requirements

Deficits in intellectual and adaptive functioning, assessed by support needs.

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Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Criteria

Social communication/interaction and restricted/repetitive behaviors; assessed by support needed.

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ADHD Inattentive Symptoms

Difficulty sustaining attention, forgetfulness, distraction.

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ADHD Hyperactivity-Impulsivity Symptoms

Fidgeting, interrupting, trouble waiting.

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Compulsions' Purpose

Compulsions are repetitive behaviors or mental acts aimed at reducing anxiety or distress caused by obsessions.

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OCD Diagnostic Criteria

OCD diagnosis doesn't require both obsessions and compulsions. The defining feature is significant distress and time spent on obsessions or compulsions (over an hour per day).

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BDD vs. Excoriation/Trichotillomania

Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) involves skin-picking or hair removal due to perceived flaws in appearance. Excoriation and Trichotillomania focus on anxiety or compulsion driving the behaviors.

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ERP (Exposure and Response Prevention)

ERP is a treatment for OCD, involving exposure to anxiety-provoking stimuli and refraining from compulsive behaviors to reduce anxiety over time.

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Enhancing Motivation for Hoarding

Therapists help clients with hoarding disorder identify personal goals and benefits of decluttering because individuals often don't seek treatment voluntarily.

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Delusions: Fixed False Beliefs

Delusions are fixed false beliefs, often resistant to evidence. They are distinct from mere odd beliefs.

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Hallucinations: Perceptions Without Stimuli

Hallucinations are perceptions that occur without external stimuli, such as hearing voices or seeing things that aren't there.

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Delusional Disorder Criteria

Delusional disorder involves one month of delusions, without other symptoms of schizophrenia.

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Erotomaniac Delusion

The erotomaniac type of delusional disorder is characterized by a belief that someone is in love with them, even without evidence.

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Brief Psychotic Disorder

Brief psychotic disorder involves one or more psychotic symptoms lasting more than a day but less than a month.

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Schizophreniform Disorder

Schizophreniform disorder involves two or more schizophrenia symptoms for at least a month but less than six months.

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Schizophrenia Criteria

Schizophrenia involves two or more symptoms for one month, including delusions, hallucinations, or disorganized speech, persisting for at least six months.

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Schizoaffective Disorder

Schizoaffective disorder involves a combination of schizophrenia symptoms with a major mood episode (depression or mania), with a period of delusions or hallucinations without mood symptoms.

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Psychotic-Like Symptoms From Substances

Substances, medications, or medical conditions can cause psychotic-like symptoms mimicking those of schizophrenia spectrum disorders.

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Working with Clients with Delusions

When working with clients with delusions, validate their feelings without reinforcing the delusions. Use a gentle approach to challenge distorted thoughts.

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Symptoms Emergence in Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia symptoms typically emerge in late teens to early 20s for men and late 20s to early 30s for women.

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Environmental Risk Factors for Schizophrenia

Prenatal infections, early childhood stressors, and drug use (cannabis and amphetamines) can increase risk of developing schizophrenia.

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Working with Delusions and Hallucinations

Build rapport before addressing these symptoms and avoid confrontation to prevent defensiveness.

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Evidence-Based Interventions for Schizophrenia

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Psychosis (CBT-P), Family Psychoeducation, Supported Employment, and Social Skills Training are evidence-based interventions.

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Long-Term Management and Prognosis in Schizophrenia

Factors for a positive prognosis include intervention, social support, and treatment adherence.

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Parent Management Training (PMT)

PMT is a studied treatment for Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) and Conduct Disorder (CD). It empowers parents to manage challenging behaviors and improve parent-child interactions.

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Kleptomania-like Symptoms: Ruling Out Other Causes

If kleptomania-like symptoms have a sudden onset, conduct a thorough assessment to rule out other mental health issues before treatment.

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Study Notes

  • Obsessions are persistent thoughts, urges, or images causing distress.
  • Compulsions are repetitive behaviors or mental acts to reduce anxiety.
  • Common obsessions include contamination and harm fears.
  • Common compulsions include excessive washing and checking.
  • An OCD diagnosis doesn't require both obsessions and compulsions.
  • OCD is maladaptive, causing significant distress and consuming over an hour daily.

Treatment for OCD

  • Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP) is the recommended treatment.
  • ERP involves exposure to anxiety-provoking stimuli while resisting compulsive behaviors.
  • ERP reduces anxiety over time.

Enhancing Motivation for Hoarding Disorder

  • Therapists can help clients identify personal goals and benefits of decluttering.
  • Individuals with hoarding disorder often don't seek treatment voluntarily.

DSM-5-TR: Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders

  • Main PTSD symptoms categories: intrusion, avoidance, negative alterations in cognition and mood, and alterations in arousal and reactivity.
  • Trauma involves exposure to actual or threatened death, injury, or violence.
  • PTSD symptoms must persist for over a month, while acute stress disorder symptoms are within three days to a month.

Timing and Prolonged Exposure Therapy for PTSD

  • Ideally, PTSD treatment should begin shortly after the trauma.
  • Prolonged exposure therapy involves exposure to trauma memories and reminders to reduce fear.

Other Evidence-Supported Interventions for PTSD

  • Besides prolonged exposure therapy, Cognitive Processing Therapy and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) are effective.

DSM-5-TR: Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders

  • Delusions are fixed false beliefs.
  • Types of delusions include persecutory, grandiose, and jealous.
  • Persecutory delusions are most common.
  • Bizarre delusions are implausible, while nonbizarre are possible but false.
  • Hallucinations are perceptions without external stimuli; auditory hallucinations are most common.

Body Dysmorphic Disorder

  • BDD is characterized by an obsessive focus on perceived flaws in one's appearance.
  • Behaviors like skin-picking and hair removal are symptoms of BDD.
  • BDD differs from excoriation and trichotillomania, where anxiety or compulsion drive the behaviors, rather than appearance concerns.

Hoarding Disorder

  • Individuals with hoarding disorder have an emotional attachment to items, and fear of needing them in the future.
  • A hoarding disorder diagnosis does not apply if caused by a medical condition.

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Description

This quiz covers key concepts from the DSM-5-TR regarding Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) and related disorders. It explores the definitions of obsessions and compulsions, treatment methodologies such as Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP), and motivation factors in hoarding disorder. Test your understanding of these mental health conditions and their treatments.

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