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Questions and Answers
What is the maximum daily dosage for Dextromethorphan when used in combination with other agents?
What is the maximum daily dosage for Dextromethorphan when used in combination with other agents?
For a patient over 6 years of age, what is the recommended dosage of Oxymetazoline HCl (Afrin) for nasal congestion?
For a patient over 6 years of age, what is the recommended dosage of Oxymetazoline HCl (Afrin) for nasal congestion?
What is the primary indication for using Fluticasone?
What is the primary indication for using Fluticasone?
What is the maximum daily dosage for Benzonatate (Tessalon)?
What is the maximum daily dosage for Benzonatate (Tessalon)?
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Which of the following statements is true regarding Dextromethorphan?
Which of the following statements is true regarding Dextromethorphan?
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How is Dextromethorphan absorbed in the body?
How is Dextromethorphan absorbed in the body?
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What is the appropriate dosage for children aged 2-5 years using Oxymetazoline HCl?
What is the appropriate dosage for children aged 2-5 years using Oxymetazoline HCl?
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What condition does hay fever commonly lead to?
What condition does hay fever commonly lead to?
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What should be monitored to assess the effectiveness of drug therapy for a patient using Zafirlukast?
What should be monitored to assess the effectiveness of drug therapy for a patient using Zafirlukast?
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What is a potential side effect when using Zafirlukast in patients decreasing steroid doses?
What is a potential side effect when using Zafirlukast in patients decreasing steroid doses?
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When is Zafirlukast best absorbed?
When is Zafirlukast best absorbed?
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Which signs should be observed to check for cyanosis in patients?
Which signs should be observed to check for cyanosis in patients?
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What type of antitussive acts specifically on the cough-control center in the medulla?
What type of antitussive acts specifically on the cough-control center in the medulla?
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What is an important interaction to monitor when using Warfarin with Zafirlukast?
What is an important interaction to monitor when using Warfarin with Zafirlukast?
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Which of these symptoms is associated with Churg-Strauss syndrome?
Which of these symptoms is associated with Churg-Strauss syndrome?
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What is one of the purposes of providing adequate hydration for patients?
What is one of the purposes of providing adequate hydration for patients?
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What is the primary function of bronchodilators?
What is the primary function of bronchodilators?
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Which of the following is a short-acting beta2-adrenergic agonist?
Which of the following is a short-acting beta2-adrenergic agonist?
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Which category of drugs includes corticosteroids?
Which category of drugs includes corticosteroids?
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What is the recommended dosage schedule for levalbuterol in patients over 12 years old?
What is the recommended dosage schedule for levalbuterol in patients over 12 years old?
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What form of administration is NOT available for short-acting beta2-adrenergic agonists?
What form of administration is NOT available for short-acting beta2-adrenergic agonists?
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Who should avoid using phenylephrine HCl?
Who should avoid using phenylephrine HCl?
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What additional function do bronchodilators provide beyond treating respiratory symptoms?
What additional function do bronchodilators provide beyond treating respiratory symptoms?
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Which of the following is a potential adverse effect of decongestants?
Which of the following is a potential adverse effect of decongestants?
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Which of the following is true about long-acting beta2-adrenergic agonists?
Which of the following is true about long-acting beta2-adrenergic agonists?
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What is a common caution associated with pseudoephedrine use?
What is a common caution associated with pseudoephedrine use?
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Which of the following is not a type of bronchodilator?
Which of the following is not a type of bronchodilator?
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What is the risk of using nasal decongestants for more than 5 days?
What is the risk of using nasal decongestants for more than 5 days?
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Which interaction can be exacerbated by the use of pseudoephedrine?
Which interaction can be exacerbated by the use of pseudoephedrine?
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What is a recommended nursing responsibility for clients using decongestants?
What is a recommended nursing responsibility for clients using decongestants?
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Why should pseudoephedrine be avoided in hypertensive patients?
Why should pseudoephedrine be avoided in hypertensive patients?
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What dosage of pseudoephedrine is recommended for children aged 2-5 years?
What dosage of pseudoephedrine is recommended for children aged 2-5 years?
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Which of the following agents are known to increase the activity of corticosteroids?
Which of the following agents are known to increase the activity of corticosteroids?
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What is the recommended way to take oral medicines to minimize gastrointestinal upset?
What is the recommended way to take oral medicines to minimize gastrointestinal upset?
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Which of the following statements about Cromolyn is true?
Which of the following statements about Cromolyn is true?
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Which drug should be taken at least 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals?
Which drug should be taken at least 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals?
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Rinsing the mouth after using inhaled steroids is to prevent which of the following?
Rinsing the mouth after using inhaled steroids is to prevent which of the following?
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Which of the following factors may decrease the effectiveness of montelukast?
Which of the following factors may decrease the effectiveness of montelukast?
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What nursing responsibility should be followed for patients using bronchodilators and corticosteroids inhalers?
What nursing responsibility should be followed for patients using bronchodilators and corticosteroids inhalers?
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Which of the following statements is a precaution regarding the use of leukotriene modifiers?
Which of the following statements is a precaution regarding the use of leukotriene modifiers?
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What is a key nursing responsibility when administering long-acting beta2-adrenergic agonists?
What is a key nursing responsibility when administering long-acting beta2-adrenergic agonists?
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What is the maximum recommended dose of theophylline in mg per kg per day?
What is the maximum recommended dose of theophylline in mg per kg per day?
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Why should patients avoid products containing caffeine while on theophylline?
Why should patients avoid products containing caffeine while on theophylline?
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What is the danger of administering long-acting beta2-adrenergic agonists more frequently than prescribed?
What is the danger of administering long-acting beta2-adrenergic agonists more frequently than prescribed?
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Which of the following groups should not receive long-acting beta2-adrenergic agonists?
Which of the following groups should not receive long-acting beta2-adrenergic agonists?
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What is the mechanism of action of methylxanthine bronchodilators?
What is the mechanism of action of methylxanthine bronchodilators?
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Which of the following is a critical instruction to provide patients on theophylline?
Which of the following is a critical instruction to provide patients on theophylline?
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Which of the following indicates a potential interaction that reduces the effectiveness of theophylline?
Which of the following indicates a potential interaction that reduces the effectiveness of theophylline?
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Study Notes
Drugs & Respiratory System
- Lung Functions: Supplies body tissues with oxygen (O2) and eliminates carbon dioxide (CO2). Distributes air through the bronchi. Performs gas exchange in the alveoli, exchanging O2 and CO2 through diffusion.
- Bronchodilators: Treat symptoms associated with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and exercise-induced asthma. Two categories: short-acting and long-acting.
- Short-acting Beta2-adrenergic Agonists: Include albuterol (systemic, inhalation), bitolterol (systemic), levalbuterol (inhalation), metaproterenol (inhalation), pirbuterol (inhalation), and terbutaline (systemic). Albuterol (AccuNeb, Proventil, Ventolin) is given systemically and via inhalation (0.5ml in 3ml of 0.9% NaCl in 5-15 minutes). Levalbuterol and Metaproterenol are inhaled. Pirbuterol is inhaled. Terbutaline is systemic.
- Long-acting Beta2-adrenergic Agonists: Include albuterol (oral, systemic), formoterol (inhalation), and salmeterol (inhalation). Formoterol is inhaled, and salmeterol is inhaled. Albuterol is both oral and systemic.
Anti-inflammatory Agents
- Corticosteroids (Steroids): Examples include Prednisolone, Methylprednisolone, Beclomethasone, Budesonide.
- Leukotriene Modifiers: Examples include Montelukast and Zafirlukast.
- Mast Cell Stabilizers: Used to prevent or control inflammation.
- Other Agents: Expectorants, antitussives, decongestants.
Combination Agents
- Albuterol and ipratropium (Combivent): Inhaled medication.
Contraindications and Precautions
- Patients with uncontrolled arrhythmias, hypertension, coronary artery disease, or history of stroke.
- Use cautiously in patients with diabetes, hyperthyroidism, or history of seizures.
Adverse Reactions
- Anxiety, nervousness, tremors, palpitations, tachycardia, hypertension, arrhythmias, dry mouth, bronchospasms.
- Albuterol- Hypokalemia in patients having dialysis.
- Long-acting drugs can increase the severity of asthma episodes.
Nursing Responsibilities
- Monitor BP, pulse, respiratory rate, breath sounds
- Administer drugs as prescribed.
- Monitor respiratory status.
Other Important Information
- Do not give long-acting drugs more often than prescribed.
- Do not administer drugs during acute asthma attacks.
- Teach patients how to use inhalation drugs.
- Advise patients to maintain adequate fluid intake.
- Consult a doctor before taking non-prescription medications.
- Avoid respiratory irritants (e.g., smoke, dust).
- Avoid products containing coffee.
- Use cautiously in elderly, neonates, and patients with heart conditions, low blood oxygen (hypoxemia), liver disease, or hypertension.
- Aminophylline is contraindicated for patients hypersensitive to ethylenediamine or with rectal/colonic infections.
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Description
Explore the essential functions of the lungs and the role of bronchodilators in treating respiratory conditions like asthma and COPD. This quiz covers various types of beta2-adrenergic agonists, their administration routes, and their therapeutic applications. Test your knowledge on how these medications assist in improving respiratory health.
