Drugs of Biological Origin: A Comprehensive Overview

Drugs of Biological Origin: A Comprehensive Overview

Drugs of biological origin, also known as biopharmaceuticals or biotech drugs, are a diverse group of medications derived from living sources, such as humans, animals, and even bacteria. These drugs encompass a wide variety of treatments and have revolutionized the field of medicine, providing new therapeutic options for diseases for which traditional drug therapy is limited[3, 4]. In this article, we will delve into the history, types, development, and pharmacological aspects of drugs of biological origin.

History and Development

The history of pharmacy and medicine is closely intertwined with the socio-economic, cultural, and religious contexts of the societies in which they developed. Pharmacy, as a science, is responsible for the proper and adequate production and application of pharmaceuticals, as well as providing services that ensure the best treatment outcomes for individuals and society. The majority of information and data in pharmacognosy, the study of pharmacologically active substances, refers to natural resources and ingredients used in the therapy of specific diseases and states of impaired health.

The development of biotech drugs has been a significant milestone in the pharmaceutical industry. These drugs are produced using innovative genetic engineering methods and recombinant DNA technology, which convert expressed proteins, monoclonal antibodies, vectors (viruses and lipid molecules), antibody fragments, and antisense molecules into drug complexes during manufacturing. The use of biological agents has been associated with adverse drug reactions (ADRs), which can impact patient safety and health.

Types of Drugs of Biological Origin

Biological Drugs

Biological drugs are derived from expressed proteins, monoclonal antibodies, vectors (viruses and lipid molecules), antibody fragments, and antisense molecules. Examples of biological drugs include insulin, interferon, and erythropoietin.

Biotech Drugs

Biotech drugs are a subset of drugs of biological origin that are produced using biological processes or recombinant DNA technology. They are often used to treat complex diseases, such as cancer and genetic disorders. Examples of biotech drugs include monoclonal antibodies (e.g., rituximab and trastuzumab), gene therapy products (e.g., Gendicine and Strimvelis), and vaccines (e.g., mRNA vaccines for COVID-19).

Legal Aspects

The use of biotech drugs is subject to legal considerations. For example, the transitional paragraph of Article 89 of Law 1438 of 2011 in Colombia outlines the regulatory framework for the use of biotech drugs.

Pharmacological Aspects

The pharmacological effects of drugs of biological origin are often different from those of traditional drugs due to their unique structure and mode of action. They can be used to target specific proteins or cells, providing more precise and personalized treatments. However, the safety and efficacy of these drugs must be carefully evaluated and monitored to minimize the risk of adverse reactions.

Conclusion

Drugs of biological origin have significantly impacted the field of medicine by providing new treatment options for various diseases. As our understanding of genetic engineering and recombinant DNA technology continues to grow, so too will the potential applications of these drugs. However, it is crucial to carefully evaluate their safety and efficacy to ensure their benefits outweigh the risks. Pharmacovigilance, the monitoring of drug safety during clinical use, is essential for identifying and addressing any adverse reactions or events associated with the use of these drugs.