Drugs in Immune Disorders Quiz
30 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What roles do immunostimulants play in the management of immunodeficiency?

Immunostimulants boost basal immunity and activate suppressed immune responses.

How do corticosteroids function as non-selective immunosuppressants?

Corticosteroids like Prednisone inhibit gene expression in lymphocytes, macrophages, and other immune cells.

Describe the mechanism by which vaccines work as immunostimulants.

Vaccines stimulate an active immune response by introducing specific bacterial or viral antigens.

What is the role of cytokine-based therapy in immune disorders?

<p>Cytokine-based therapy uses recombinant proteins to mimic natural cytokines, enhancing the immune response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the difference between selective and non-selective immunosuppressants.

<p>Selective immunosuppressants target specific pathways in the immune response, while non-selective suppressants have a broader inhibitory effect.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What strategies might be included in a rescue plan for anaphylaxis?

<p>Rescue strategies include the immediate administration of epinephrine and the use of antihistamines.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the inhibition of lymphocyte activation signaling contribute to managing autoimmune diseases?

<p>By inhibiting signaling pathways necessary for lymphocyte activation, these drugs reduce inappropriate immune responses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are anti-allergics and how do they function in allergic diathesis?

<p>Anti-allergics are drugs that block the effects of allergic mediators, controlling allergic reactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify a type of drug that acts on lymphocyte cell-cycle progression.

<p>Anti-metabolites are drugs that exert effects on specific steps of the lymphocyte cell-cycle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of using both active and passive immunization techniques?

<p>Active immunization provides long-lasting immunity, while passive immunization offers immediate protection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of adrenergic agonists like epinephrine in life-threatening situations?

<p>To relieve bronchoconstriction and support cardiovascular function.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do 1st generation antihistamines differ from 2nd and 3rd generation antihistamines in terms of receptor selectivity?

<p>1st generation antihistamines are non-selective, while 2nd and 3rd generations are more selective for H1 receptors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What mechanism allows antihistamines to potentially cross the blood-brain barrier?

<p>Being lipophilic in nature, which facilitates their ability to penetrate the central nervous system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In cases of refractory hypotension, what neurotransmitter is typically used to provide support?

<p>Dopamine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What immediate respiratory support measures are recommended for laryngeal edema?

<p>Opening the airway and providing O2 inhalation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What adverse effect should be particularly monitored when using 1st generation antihistamines in elderly patients?

<p>Anticholinergic side effects, such as urinary retention and potential glaucoma.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the underlying action of 2nd and 3rd generation antihistamines regarding cardiac effects?

<p>They may prolong the cardiac action potential by blocking K+ channels during repolarization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What supportive circulatory management technique is recommended in emergency situations?

<p>Positioning the patient with their head down and legs up, along with fluid replacement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What additional mechanisms may some antihistamines possess aside from H1 receptor blocking?

<p>Anticholinergic and/or α-adrenergic blocking actions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the mechanism of action of β2 adrenergic agonists in respiratory therapy?

<p>They specifically relax bronchial smooth muscles to relieve bronchoconstriction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do alkylating agents play in cellular function?

<p>Alkylating agents introduce alkyl groups to cross-link DNA and RNA, disrupting cell division and function.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of cytokine inhibitors in immunosuppressant therapy?

<p>Cytokine inhibitors suppress the activity of specific cytokines, like TNFα and interleukins, to reduce inflammation and immune responses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does inhibition of immune cell adhesion contribute to immunosuppression?

<p>Inhibiting immune cell adhesion prevents immune cells from migrating to sites of inflammation, reducing their activation and function.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What therapeutic uses do glucocorticoids have in immune disorders?

<p>Glucocorticoids are used in autoimmune disorders, to prevent graft rejection, and in certain cancers, often increasing the risk of adverse drug reactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes biological agents from traditional immunosuppressants?

<p>Biological agents are engineered from living sources and are reserved for second-line treatment in severe autoimmune disorders.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What types of allergic responses do antihistamines aim to control?

<p>Antihistamines aim to control Type I immune hypersensitivity reactions, such as hay fever and urticaria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the mechanism of action for mast cell stabilizers like Ketotifen.

<p>Mast cell stabilizers like Ketotifen inhibit mast cell degranulation, preventing the release of histamine and other mediators.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between controlling agents and relieving agents in treating allergies?

<p>Controlling agents, like glucocorticoids, suppress the mediators of allergy, while relieving agents, such as antihistamines, provide immediate symptom relief.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain how LOX inhibitors function in allergic responses.

<p>LOX inhibitors function by inhibiting the synthesis of leukotrienes, which are inflammatory mediators involved in allergic reactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What immediate actions are necessary during anaphylaxis?

<p>During anaphylaxis, immediate rescue procedures include supportive management of respiratory or circulatory collapse and administering relieving agents.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Immunostimulants

Drugs that boost the immune system by stimulating its activity. They are used to fight infections, inflammation, and immune deficiencies.

Immunization

A type of immunostimulant that involves using specific antigens from bacteria or viruses to activate the immune system.

Passive Immunization

A type of immunization that involves using pre-formed antibodies from another source, like serum or immunoglobulin, to provide immediate protection.

Cytokine-Based Therapy

A type of immunostimulant that uses recombinant proteins, like interferons, interleukins, and colony-stimulating factors, to mimic the effects of natural immune signaling molecules.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Immunosuppressants

Drugs that suppress the immune system, used to control autoimmune disorders, graft rejection, and some cancers.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Non-Selective Immunosuppressants

Immunosuppressants that act on a wide range of immune cells and processes.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Corticosteroids (e.g., Prednisone)

A common non-selective immunosuppressant that acts by inhibiting the gene expression of lymphocytes, macrophages, and other immune cells.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Selective Immunosuppressants

Immunosuppressants that specifically target certain steps or cells in the immune response.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Inhibitors of Lymphocyte Activation Signaling

Selective immunosuppressants that block signaling pathways involved in lymphocyte activation.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Anti-Allergic Drugs

Drugs that block the effects of allergic mediators, used to control allergic reactions and hypersensitivity.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Biologics

Drugs derived from living sources, like genes or proteins, that suppress specific parts of the immune system.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cytokine Inhibitors

Drugs that block the action of TNF-alpha and Interleukins, both of which are inflammatory mediators.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Inhibitors of Immune Cell Adhesion

Drugs that inhibit the binding of immune cells to the surface of other cells, preventing immune responses.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Inhibitors of Surface Antigens

Drugs that target specific antigens found on the surface of immune cells, like CD20, CD28, and CD3.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Anti-allergics

Drugs used to treat a variety of allergies, ranging from mild hay fever to severe anaphylaxis.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Controlling Agents

Drugs that work by preventing the release of histamine and leukotrienes, which are major mediators of allergic reactions.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Antihistamines and Mast Cell Stabilizers

Drugs that suppress the action of histamine by blocking its receptor (H1) or by preventing its release from mast cells.

Signup and view all the flashcards

LOX inhibitors and Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists

Drugs that inhibit the synthesis or block the receptors of leukotrienes, which are inflammatory mediators involved in allergic reactions.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Glucocorticoids

Glucocorticoids, like prednisone, are anti-inflammatory drugs that suppress the expression of genes involved in the production of inflammatory mediators.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Physiological Antagonist

A drug that directly counteracts the effects of another substance in a life-threatening situation. Example: Epinephrine is a physiological antagonist used to counteract severe allergic reactions.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Bronchodilators

Drugs that open up the airways by relaxing the muscles surrounding the bronchioles. They are typically used to treat asthma and other respiratory conditions.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Beta-2 Adrenergic Agonist

A type of bronchodilator that works by stimulating beta-2 receptors in the lungs, leading to relaxation of the airway muscles. Examples: Albuterol, Salbutamol.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Muscarinic Receptor Agonist

A type of bronchodilator that works by blocking the action of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter that constricts the airways. Examples: Ipratropium, Tiotropium.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Relievers of Refractory Hypotension

Drugs that are used to treat low blood pressure (hypotension) that is not responding to other treatments. Examples: Dopamine, Norepinephrine.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Antihistamines

Drugs that block the action of histamine at H1 receptors. They are used to treat allergic reactions and other inflammatory conditions.

Signup and view all the flashcards

1st Generation Antihistamine

Antihistamines that block histamine receptors without showing selectivity for other receptor subtypes.

Signup and view all the flashcards

2nd Generation Antihistamine

Antihistamines that specifically target H1 receptors, with fewer side effects than first-generation medications.

Signup and view all the flashcards

3rd Generation Antihistamine

Antihistamines that are highly selective for H1 receptors, considered the safest option with minimal side effects.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Urine Retention

A side effect caused by certain antihistamines, particularly those from the first generation, that can lead to difficulty urinating. This is especially relevant in men with enlarged prostates.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Drugs in Immune Disorders, Allergy & Anaphylaxis

  • Drugs can activate or suppress the immune response, crucial for treating immunodeficiency, infections, graft rejection, autoimmune disorders, and allergic reactions.
  • Immunostimulants boost immunity, used in immunodeficiency or cancer. They work via immunization (active or passive) or cytokine-based therapy.
  • Immunosuppressants control hyper-responses like autoimmune disorders, graft rejection, and some cancers. They inhibit immune response steps, either non-selectively (e.g., corticosteroids) or selectively.
  • Non-selective immunosuppressants, like corticosteroids, are global inhibitors of lymphocytes, macrophages, and other effector cells.
  • Selective immunosuppressants (biologicals) target specific immune components, such as cytokine inhibitors (TNFα, IL inhibitors), immune cell adhesion inhibitors (e.g., LFA-1), or surface antigen inhibitors (e.g., CD20, CD28, CD3).

Anti-Allergics

  • Anti-allergics treat allergic disorders, ranging from hay fever to anaphylaxis. They can either control mediators or antagonize their actions.
  • If allergic reactions are mild, controlling agents (e.g., antihistamines, mast cell stabilizers, leukotriene inhibitors) can suppress mediators.
  • Severe reactions need relieving agents, like epinephrine, along with supportive management (e.g., respiratory support, fluid replacement).

Antihistamines

  • Antihistamines are competitive inhibitors of histamine H1 receptors.
  • First-generation antihistamines are non-selective, potentially sedating, and have anticholinergic/α-adrenergic blocking effects.
  • Second and third-generation antihistamines are more selective, non-sedating, and have longer durations.

Contraindications and Side Effects

  • Side effects from drugs depend on the generation, potentially including dry mouth, urinary retention, increased intraocular pressure, tachycardia, postural hypotension, or dizziness.
  • Specific contraindications exist depending on the drug generation and patient's condition. For example, 1st generation antihistamines' anticholinergic effects can be contraindicated in patients with prostatic enlargement or glaucoma.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

L19 - Immunosuppressants & Allergy Lecture Notes PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on the various drugs used in treating immune disorders, allergies, and anaphylaxis. This quiz will cover the roles of immunostimulants and immunosuppressants, as well as anti-allergic medications. Discover how these drugs activate or suppress the immune response for different conditions.

More Like This

Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser