Biology Unit 6: Immune Disorders

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What is the primary function of memory T lymphocytes?

To initiate a slow response to antigen exposure

To differentiate into other types of immune cells

To initiate a rapid response to antigen exposure on successive exposures (correct)

To suppress the immune response

What is the term for the antibodies binding to the surface of antigens, causing them to clump together?

Phagocytosis

Neutralization

Agglutination (correct)

Opsonization

What is the function of the Fc region of an antibody?

Activating the complement system

Binding to specific epitopes

Modulating the activity of immune cells (correct)

Recognizing foreign antigens

What is the term for the process by which phagocytic cells engulf and digest foreign substances?

Phagocytosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of suppressor T lymphocytes?

To decrease the amount of antibody after destruction of the pathogen Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the proteins secreted by B lymphocytes that bind to foreign antigen, inactivating it?

Antibodies Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of complement factor C3b and antibodies in the process of phagocytosis?

To facilitate the recognition of microorganisms by neutrophils Signup and view all the answers

What is the main hallmark of chronic inflammation?

Infiltration by mononuclear cells, such as macrophages and lymphocytes Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of chronic inflammation?

Tissue damage and scarring Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of macrophages in the immune response?

To fragment the causative agent and present epitopes to T-lymphocytes Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of chronic inflammation that distinguishes it from acute inflammation?

Infiltration by mononuclear cells Signup and view all the answers

Which type of immunity is active against 'groups' of biological agents?

Innate (natural) immunity Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of the chronic inflammation process?

Tissue damage and scarring Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of neutrophils in the innate immune response?

To engulf and destroy antigens Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the activation of the complement system?

Increased phagocytosis and inflammation Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cell is responsible for producing cytokines in response to pathogen presence?

Macrophages and mononuclear cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the cytokine IL-1?

To have pro-inflammatory action and activate T-helper cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the activation of the C3 protein in the complement system?

Opsonization of microorganisms Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of natural killer cells in the innate immune response?

To regulate immune responses and destroy infected cells and cancer cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of inflammation in the innate immune response?

Increased vasodilation and permeability Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the mucocilliar system in the innate immune response?

To trap and remove pathogens from the respiratory tract Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the activation of the fever response in the innate immune response?

Increased body temperature Signup and view all the answers