15 Questions
What is the mechanism of action of H2 receptor antagonists?
Competitive antagonists of histamine, reducing acid secretion by approximately 70%-90%
What are the therapeutic uses of H2 receptor antagonists?
Treatment of peptic ulcers and gastroesophageal reflux disease
What adverse effect is associated with H2 receptor antagonists?
Gynecomastia and galactorrhea
Which drugs are used in quadruple therapy for treating peptic ulcer disease and gastroesophageal reflux disease?
Bismuth subsalicylate, metronidazole, tetracycline, and PPI
What is the main action of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)?
They inhibit the basal, food-stimulated, nocturnal secretion of gastric acid
Which proton pump inhibitor irreversibly inhibits the H+ -K+ -ATPase enzyme system?
Omeprazole
What is the clinical use of misoprostol?
Prophylactic use in patients who take NSAIDs
Which mucosal protective agent is a stable analogue of prostaglandin E1?
Misoprostol
What are the adverse effects associated with PPIs?
Hypomagnesemia and pneumonia
What is the mechanism of action of sucralfate?
Release of aluminum in the presence of acid
What are the unwanted effects of bismuth subsalicylate?
Blackening of the tongue and faeces
Which antacid can cause constipation?
Aluminium hydroxide gel / Colloidal aluminium hydroxide mixtures
What is the main adverse effect associated with antacids?
Diarrhea and abdominal cramps
What is the clinical use of bismuth subsalicylate?
Component of quadruple therapy for H. pylori eradication
What is the effect of elevated gastric pH on calcium carbonate absorption?
Impairs absorption
Study Notes
H2 Receptor Antagonists
- Mechanism of action: Competitive inhibition of histamine action on parietal cells, reducing gastric acid secretion.
- Therapeutic uses: Treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), peptic ulcer disease, and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.
- Adverse effect: Gynecomastia, galactorrhea, and impotence.
Quadruple Therapy
- Combination of drugs used to treat peptic ulcer disease and gastroesophageal reflux disease: H2 receptor antagonist, proton pump inhibitor, antibacterial agent, and bismuth subsalicylate.
Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs)
- Main action: Block the secretion of gastric acid by irreversibly inhibiting the H+ -K+ -ATPase enzyme system.
- Example: Omeprazole, which irreversibly inhibits the H+ -K+ -ATPase enzyme system.
Mucosal Protective Agents
- Clinical use of misoprostol: Prevention of NSAID-induced gastric ulcers.
- Misoprostol: A stable analogue of prostaglandin E1, used to prevent gastric ulcers.
Adverse Effects
- Adverse effects associated with PPIs: Diarrhea, headache, and nausea.
Sucralfate
- Mechanism of action: Forms a protective barrier on the surface of the ulcer, promoting healing.
Bismuth Subsalicylate
- Unwanted effects: Darkening of the stool and tongue, constipation.
- Clinical use: Treatment of peptic ulcer disease, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and traveler's diarrhea.
Antacids
- Calcium carbonate: Can cause constipation.
- Main adverse effect: Diarrhea or constipation.
- Effect of elevated gastric pH on calcium carbonate absorption: Decreased absorption.
Test your knowledge about drugs used to treat peptic ulcer disease and gastroesophageal reflux disease. Learn about antimicrobial quadruple therapy, triple therapy, and H2 receptor antagonists.
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