Drugs for Gastrointestinal Diseases
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Questions and Answers

What is the classification of gastrointestinal diseases that exhibit abnormalities upon examination and are characterized by improper GI function?

  • Structural GI diseases (correct)
  • Metabolic GI diseases
  • Inflammatory GI diseases
  • Functional GI diseases

    • Which of the following medications works by blocking the enzyme system responsible for acid production in the stomach?

  • Histamine-2 receptor blockers
  • Antacids
  • Anti-motility agents
  • Proton pump inhibitors (correct)

    • Which of the following is NOT a common side effect associated with Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs)?

  • Constipation (correct)
  • Headache
  • Acid rebound
  • Dizziness

    • What is the mechanism of action of Antacids?

    <p>They neutralize acid in the stomach. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common side effect associated with the prolonged use of Antacids in high doses?

    <p>Acid rebound (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do Histamine-2 receptor blockers, such as famotidine, work?

    <p>They block histamine-induced gastric acid secretion. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of Anti-motility agents like Loperamide (Imodium)?

    <p>They slow down intestinal contractions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following medication is available only in oral dosage forms?

    <p>Lansoprazole (Ogastro) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following medications is classified as a bulk-forming agent, used to treat constipation?

    <p>Metamucil (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action for stimulant laxatives like Bisacodyl (Dulcolax)?

    <p>They increase muscle contractions along the intestinal wall to stimulate bowel movement. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following medications would be considered a prokinetic agent that helps to increase stomach emptying and prevent reflux?

    <p>Metoclopramide (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do osmotic agents, such as Lactulose, work to treat constipation?

    <p>They draw water into the bowels, softening the stool and increasing bowel activity. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of action for probiotic agents in the treatment of gastrointestinal issues?

    <p>They directly attack and kill harmful bacteria in the gut. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action for antiemetic drugs such as Dimenhydrinate (Gravol)?

    <p>They block neurotransmitter receptors involved in promoting vomiting. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following medication combinations is commonly used to treat H. pylori infection?

    <p>All of the above are commonly used combinations. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following medications is classified as an emollient (stool softener)?

    <p>Mineral Oil (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Bulk-forming agents

    Agents that absorb liquid in intestines and form bulky stool, stimulating bowel movement.

    Lubricants (Mineral Oil)

    Coat the bowel and stool with a layer that retains moisture, keeping stool soft.

    Stimulants (e.g., Bisacodyl)

    Increase muscle contractions in the intestines, moving stool along the bowels.

    Emollients (stool softeners)

    Help mix liquid in the bowel to prevent dryness and hardening of stool.

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    Osmotic agents (e.g., Lactulose)

    Draw water into the bowels to soften the stool and boost bowel activity.

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    Antiemetic drugs (e.g., Dimenhydrinate)

    Block neurotransmitters that trigger vomiting, preventing nausea and vomiting.

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    Prokinetic agents (e.g., Metoclopramide)

    Enhance stomach muscle contractions and reduce acid reflux by strengthening the esophagus.

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    Probiotic agents

    Microorganisms that provide health benefits by preventing pathogen binding and enhancing immune response.

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    Gastrointestinal disease

    Conditions affecting the GI tract from mouth to anus.

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    Functional GI diseases

    Diseases with normal GI tract structure but improper function.

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    Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs)

    Drugs that block the proton pump, reducing stomach acid production.

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    Examples of PPIs

    Esomeprazole, Lansoprazole, Omeprazole, Pantoprazole.

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    Administration of PPIs

    Best taken half an hour before meals.

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    Antacids

    Medications that neutralize stomach acid to relieve heartburn.

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    Anti-motility agents

    Drugs that slow intestinal contractions to reduce bowel frequency.

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    Histamine-2 receptor blockers

    Drugs that block histamine binding to decrease gastric acid secretion.

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    Study Notes

    Drugs Used in Gastrointestinal Diseases

    • Gastrointestinal (GI) diseases affect the tract from the mouth to the anus. These diseases are categorized into functional and structural types.
    • Functional GI diseases have a normal GI tract but improper function, including constipation, diarrhea, and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).
    • Structural GI diseases show abnormalities in the GI tract that also do not function properly.Examples include inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), hemorrhoids, and colon cancer.

    Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs)

    • PPIs irreversibly block the enzyme system in parietal cells (proton pumps) which are responsible for acid production in the stomach.
    • By blocking these pumps, PPIs reduce approximately 70% of acid production.
    • Examples include esomeprazole (Nexium), lansoprazole (Prevacid), and omeprazole (Prilosec).

    Antacids (e.g., Relcer Gel)

    • Neutralize stomach acid and relieve symptoms, like heartburn.
    • Acid rebound can occur with prolonged high-dose use.
    • Alcoholic drinks should be avoided as they can irritate the gastric lining.

    Histamine-2 Receptor Blockers (e.g., Famotidine)

    • Block histamine, a substance that triggers acid production.
    • Alcoholic beverages should be avoided with these drugs.
    • Side effects include headaches and dizziness.

    Anti-motility Agents (e.g., Loperamide - Imodium)

    • Slow intestinal contractions and prolong transit time, reducing bowel movements.
    • May be taken with or without food.
    • Side effects include constipation and dizziness.

    Laxatives

    • Bulk-forming agents (e.g., Metamucil): Absorb water and swell, creating bulkier stools to stimulate bowel movements.
    • Lubricants (e.g., Mineral Oil): Coat the stool to make it softer and easier to pass.
    • Stimulants (e.g., Bisacodyl - Dulcolax): Increase bowel contractions.

    Antiemetic Drugs (e.g., Dimenhydrinate – Gravol)

    • Block neurotransmitter receptors involved in inducing vomiting.

    Prokinetic Agents (e.g., Metoclopramide – Moxalon)

    • Increase stomach muscle contractions to speed up emptying and prevent stomach acid from refluxing back into the esophagus.

    Probiotic Agents

    • Probiotics are microorganisms in the GI tract offering health benefits.
    • They may prevent pathogen binding and enhance the immune response.

    Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)

    • A bacterium found in the stomach that can cause ulcers.
    • Treatments often combine antibiotics with proton pump inhibitors.

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    Related Documents

    Drugs Used in Treatment of Gastrointestinal Diseases PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers various drugs used to treat gastrointestinal diseases, including functional and structural types. It focuses on the mechanisms and examples of proton pump inhibitors and antacids. Test your knowledge on how these medications work and their effects on acid production and relief of symptoms.

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