Drugs for Dyslipidemias Quiz

A combination of triglycerides or cholesterol bound to a specialized protein called an apoprotein.

The most beneficial type of lipoprotein, known for transporting cholesterol back to the liver for processing.

A primary form of lipid in the blood, responsible for storing energy.

A type of lipoprotein that carries cholesterol to the liver.

A process that involves inhibiting the production of cholesterol in the liver.

A class of drugs that lower cholesterol levels by inhibiting the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase, which is involved in cholesterol production.

A condition characterized by abnormal levels of lipids in the blood, including high cholesterol and triglycerides.

A measure of the risk of developing heart disease, taking into account factors like family history, smoking, obesity, diabetes, and high blood pressure.

A drug that lowers cholesterol by inhibiting the absorption of cholesterol from the intestines.

A drug that is used to lower triglyceride levels, believed to work by activating lipase, breaking down cholesterol and suppressing free fatty acid release from adipose tissue.

A potential side effect of fibrate medications, characterized by the formation of gallstones.

The surgical removal of the gallbladder.

A potential side effect of fibrates that occurs when combined with statins, characterized by muscle pain and weakness.

A type of vitamin B3 that is used to lower cholesterol levels, thought to increase lipase activity and reduce cholesterol and triglyceride metabolism.

A condition characterized by high levels of cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood, often treated with a combination of statins and niacin.

These medications can interact with other drugs. It's essential to consider all medications a patient is taking to avoid potential issues.

These medications can cause side effects such as GI issues, constipation, bleeding, and yellow skin. Monitoring the patient's condition is crucial.

Before starting lipid-lowering medication, a baseline assessment of liver function should be performed to ensure the liver is healthy and able to process the medication.

Patients on long-term therapy may require vitamin supplements, especially fat-soluble vitamins A, D, and K, as these medications can affect their absorption.

Patients should be advised to take these medications with meals to minimize gastrointestinal discomfort.

A common side effect of niacin, characterized by a feeling of flushing or warmth on the skin, often accompanied by itching.

Strategies to manage niacin-induced flushing include waiting for tolerance to develop, administering smaller doses, using aspirin premedication, or switching to sustained-release preparations.

Niacin is contraindicated in patients with peptic ulcer disease, elevated uric acid levels, gout, diabetes, or impaired liver function.

Niacin can increase the risk of muscle damage when taken with statins. This effect is known as statin-induced myopathy.

Niacin can counteract the effects of antidiabetic medications, including insulin, oral hypoglycemics, and antihyperglycemics.

Bile acid sequestrants, such as cholestyramine and colestipol, bind to bile acids in the gut, reducing their reabsorption and promoting their excretion in the feces.

Bile acid sequestrants lower LDL cholesterol levels by increasing the conversion of cholesterol to bile acids and enhancing the uptake of LDL from the blood.

Bile acid sequestrants can bind to and reduce the absorption of other oral medications, leading to potentially significant drug interactions.

Bile acid sequestrants can cause constipation, heartburn, nausea, belching, and bloating, but these side effects often lessen over time.

PCSK9 inhibitors, like evolocumab, are a newer class of drugs that lower LDL cholesterol by blocking the PCSK9 protein, which normally degrades LDL receptors.

A type of drug that lowers cholesterol levels by inhibiting the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase, which is involved in cholesterol production. Statins can also increase HDL-C and decrease TGs.

Statins can cause inflammation and damage to voluntary muscles, ranging from mild pain to severe, potentially life-threatening conditions like rhabdomyolysis.

This condition involves the disintegration of striated muscle fibers, leading to the release of myoglobin into the urine. It can be a serious complication associated with statin use.

Statin-induced myopathy and muscle damage are dose-related, meaning that higher doses increase the risk. Interactions with other medications, renal or hepatic disease, and advanced age can also contribute to this risk.

Statins may cause liver damage, which may be asymptomatic. Regular monitoring of liver function is crucial while on statin therapy.