Drug Therapy of Tuberculosis

Mycolic acid.

Isonicotinylhydrazide.

Rifampin is primarily indicated for infections caused by M.tuberculosis and M.leprae.

<p>It disrupts the cell wall of mycobacteria, leading to their death.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rifampin can be used to treat Staphylococcal endocarditis and osteomyelitis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anti-tuberculosis drug.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By inhibiting the synthesis of mycolic acids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rifampin is used for meningococcal prophylaxis to prevent the spread of meningitis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rifampin is utilized in chemoprophylaxis for contacts of children with H. influenzae to prevent infections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rifampin's antibacterial activity is significant in controlling diseases like tuberculosis and leprosy, impacting public health positively.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Isoniazid primarily acts by inhibiting the synthesis of mycolic acid, an essential component of the bacterial cell wall.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pyrazinamide works by disrupting mycobacterial membrane transport and energy production, particularly in acidic environments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Streptomycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic that inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rifampin is crucial because it inhibits bacterial RNA synthesis by binding to RNA polymerase, which helps prevent the replication of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Multidrug therapy is essential to prevent the development of drug resistance and to ensure a more effective and comprehensive eradication of the bacteria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adverse effects include tinnitus, vertigo, ataxia, and nephrotoxicity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is contraindicated in pregnancy due to the potential teratogenic effects on the developing fetus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The regimen includes isoniazid (INH), rifampin, supplemented with pyrazinamide and ethambutol during the first 2 months.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pyridoxine is used to prevent isoniazid-induced neuropathy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The treatment lasts for six months, and adherence is crucial to prevent drug resistance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A single drug regimen is inappropriate because active TB requires a combination of at least two anti-TB drugs to effectively eliminate the bacteria and prevent resistance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A crucial component is the use of two or more anti-TB drugs as part of a regimen to combat the infection effectively.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Using only one anti-TB drug can lead to treatment failure and the development of drug-resistant strains of TB.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The primary objective is to increase the effectiveness of treatment and minimize the risk of drug resistance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Understanding drug resistance impacts management by necessitating a treatment plan that involves multiple drugs to ensure successful eradication of the pathogen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hyperuricemia and hepatotoxicity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It decreases carbohydrate polymerization by blocking arabinosyltransferase.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By inhibiting arabinosyltransferase, Ethambutol disrupts the formation of the mycobacterial cell wall.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because hyperuricemia can lead to gout and other complications.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Arabinosyltransferase is essential for synthesizing the mycobacterial cell wall.</p> Signup and view all the answers

A first-line antibiotic used to treat tuberculosis infection. It inhibits the synthesis of mycolic acid, an essential component of the mycobacterial cell wall, leading to cell death.

A first-line antibiotic used to treat tuberculosis infection. It is a prodrug that gets converted into pyrazinoic acid, which inhibits fatty acid synthesis, crucial for the mycobacterial cell wall.

A first-line antibiotic used to treat tuberculosis infection. It inhibits protein synthesis in mycobacteria, specifically by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit.

A first-line antibiotic used to treat tuberculosis infection. It inhibits RNA synthesis in mycobacteria, leading to cell death.

A highly contagious bacterial infection that primarily affects the lungs.

Isoniazid (INH) is a drug that prevents the growth of tuberculosis bacteria by blocking a step in the formation of their cell wall.

Mycolic acid is a unique fatty acid that is found only in the cell walls of Mycobacterium bacteria, which are responsible for tuberculosis.

The cell wall of a bacteria is a tough outer layer that protects the bacteria from its surroundings.

Isoniazid specifically targets the process of mycolic acid synthesis, which is essential for the formation of the Mycobacterium cell wall.

By inhibiting mycolic acid synthesis, Isoniazid prevents the bacteria from building a proper cell wall, leading to bacterial death.

Rifampin is a powerful antibiotic that effectively fights Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacteria responsible for tuberculosis, and Mycobacterium leprae, the cause of leprosy.

A common side effect of tuberculosis medications, characterized by ringing in the ears.

A medication used to treat tuberculosis. It works by inhibiting the synthesis of mycolic acid, a component of the mycobacterial cell wall.

Rifampin proves effective in treating severe staphylococcal infections like endocarditis, an inflammation of the heart's inner lining, and osteomyelitis, a bone infection.

Rifampin can be used as a preventive measure against meningococcal disease, a serious bacterial infection, by administering it to people who have been in close contact with an infected individual.

A medication used to treat tuberculosis. It is a vitamin that helps prevent nerve damage caused by Isoniazid.

Rifampin is also employed as a chemoprophylactic agent, meaning it helps prevent the development of a disease, in people who have been in close contact with children infected with Haemophilus influenzae, a bacteria that can cause serious infections.

Rifampin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that fights a variety of bacterial infections, demonstrating its effectiveness against tuberculosis, leprosy, and certain staphylococcal and Haemophilus infections.

A type of tuberculosis infection that is actively spreading and causing symptoms.

This refers to medications used to treat tuberculosis.

A regimen for active TB must include at least two different anti-TB drugs working together to effectively fight the infection.

The process of preventing the growth of bacteria, often through medication use.

Combination therapy using two or more specific drugs to target different mechanisms of a pathogen, like TB, increasing the effectiveness of treatment.

Ethambutol is a medication used to treat tuberculosis (TB) infections. It works by interfering with the formation of the mycobacterial cell wall, specifically blocking the enzyme arabinosyltransferase.

A potential side effect of ethambutol is hyperuricemia, a condition of high uric acid levels in the blood. This can lead to gout, a painful inflammatory condition.

Ethambutol can also cause damage to the liver, known as hepatotoxicity. This is a serious side effect that needs monitoring.

Ethambutol's mechanism of action is to inhibit the enzyme arabinosyltransferase. This enzyme is involved in the synthesis of arabinan, a crucial component of the mycobacterial cell wall. By blocking arabinosyltransferase, Ethambutol weakens the cell wall and ultimately kills the bacteria.

Ethambutol affects the carbohydrate polymerization process of the mycobacterial cell wall. This process involves linking sugar molecules together, forming a complex structure that protects the bacteria. Ethambutol disrupts this process, making the cell wall weaker and more vulnerable.