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Questions and Answers
What are the principal features of pharmacological adverse effects of drugs?
What are the principal features of pharmacological adverse effects of drugs?
- They are not dose-related and unpredictable based on the drug's known pharmacological actions
- They are dose-related but unpredictable based on the drug's known pharmacological actions
- They are not dose-related but predictable based on the drug's known pharmacological actions
- They are dose-related and predictable based on the drug's known pharmacological actions (correct)
What is the main feature of overdose toxicity of a drug?
What is the main feature of overdose toxicity of a drug?
- It is always dose-related
- It is not always predictable based on the drug's known pharmacological actions
- It is always predictable based on the drug's known pharmacological actions
- It is not always dose-related (correct)
What is the therapeutic index of a drug?
What is the therapeutic index of a drug?
- The ratio of the toxic dose to the effective dose (correct)
- The ratio of the lethal dose to the toxic dose
- The ratio of the effective dose to the toxic dose
- The ratio of the effective dose to the lethal dose
What are the main features of drug idiosyncrasy?
What are the main features of drug idiosyncrasy?
Which of the following best describes drug misuse?
Which of the following best describes drug misuse?
What characterizes drug addiction?
What characterizes drug addiction?
How are side effects usually resolved?
How are side effects usually resolved?
What are adverse effects related to?
What are adverse effects related to?
What can drug overdose toxicity result from?
What can drug overdose toxicity result from?
What is the most common type of adverse effect?
What is the most common type of adverse effect?
What are side effects related to?
What are side effects related to?
What does physical dependence involve?
What does physical dependence involve?
How can unwanted drug effects be classified?
How can unwanted drug effects be classified?
What is the definition of drug abuse?
What is the definition of drug abuse?
What can drug overdose toxicity lead to?
What can drug overdose toxicity lead to?
What are cytotoxic and immunological adverse effects usually unrelated to?
What are cytotoxic and immunological adverse effects usually unrelated to?
Which stage of gestation is most sensitive to morphological teratogenic effects?
Which stage of gestation is most sensitive to morphological teratogenic effects?
What is the general relationship between drug molecular weight and the ability to cross the placenta?
What is the general relationship between drug molecular weight and the ability to cross the placenta?
What is the primary difference in sensitivity to teratogenic effects between fetal and adult tissues?
What is the primary difference in sensitivity to teratogenic effects between fetal and adult tissues?
What type of effects on the fetus can result from decreased placental blood flow or maternal diseases compromising fetal growth?
What type of effects on the fetus can result from decreased placental blood flow or maternal diseases compromising fetal growth?
What characterizes the functional teratogenic effects that the fetal stage is most sensitive to?
What characterizes the functional teratogenic effects that the fetal stage is most sensitive to?
What is the similarity between drug carcinogenesis and that caused by other chemicals?
What is the similarity between drug carcinogenesis and that caused by other chemicals?
What happens to most cancer-causing chemicals before they exert their carcinogenic effects?
What happens to most cancer-causing chemicals before they exert their carcinogenic effects?
How many drugs have demonstrated carcinogenic activity in laboratory animals?
How many drugs have demonstrated carcinogenic activity in laboratory animals?
What is known about the number of drugs with known or suspected carcinogenic activity in humans?
What is known about the number of drugs with known or suspected carcinogenic activity in humans?
Which substances are known to have carcinogenic activity in humans?
Which substances are known to have carcinogenic activity in humans?
What does drug misuse refer to?
What does drug misuse refer to?
What do drug abuse, addiction, and substance use disorder involve?
What do drug abuse, addiction, and substance use disorder involve?
Study Notes
Mechanisms of Drug Teratogenesis
- Drugs with a low molecular weight (MW) can generally cross the placenta, while those with MW exceeding 1000 cross poorly.
- Direct effects of drugs on the fetus can be toxic or teratogenic, with fetal tissues being more sensitive than adults'.
- Teratogens cause abnormal in utero development or malformations, which are irreversible and dose-dependent.
- Indirect effects on the fetus can result from decreased placental blood flow or maternal diseases compromising fetal growth.
- Susceptibility to teratogenic agents varies during gestation, with the embryonic stage being most sensitive to morphological teratogenic effects.
- The fetal stage is most sensitive to functional teratogenic effects, which may become evident only after many years.
- Drug carcinogenesis is similar to that caused by other chemicals, with effects being dose-dependent, additive, and irreversible.
- Most cancer-causing chemicals are metabolically activated into toxic and carcinogenic intermediates.
- About 1000 drugs have demonstrated carcinogenic activity in laboratory animals, but the number with known or suspected carcinogenic activity in humans is small.
- Anticancer drugs and alcohol are known to have carcinogenic activity in humans.
- Drug misuse refers to using a substance for a purpose not consistent with legal or medical guidelines.
- Drug abuse, addiction, and substance use disorder involve repetitive drug taking for non-medical purposes, with addiction referring to drug craving and compulsive drug seeking behavior.
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Description
Test your knowledge of drug teratogenesis mechanisms, including the effects of drugs on the fetus, susceptibility during gestation, and the similarities between drug carcinogenesis and other chemicals. Learn about the impact of drug misuse, abuse, and addiction, and their implications for fetal development and long-term health.