Adverse drug rxns quiz

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Questions and Answers

What are the principal features of pharmacological adverse effects of drugs?

They are dose-related and predictable based on the drug's known pharmacological actions

What is the main feature of overdose toxicity of a drug?

It is not always dose-related

What is the therapeutic index of a drug?

The ratio of the toxic dose to the effective dose

What are the main features of drug idiosyncrasy?

They are not dose-related and unpredictable Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes drug misuse?

Using a drug inappropriately Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes drug addiction?

Compulsive drug use Signup and view all the answers

How are side effects usually resolved?

After several weeks of drug use Signup and view all the answers

What are adverse effects related to?

Undesirable deleterious effects Signup and view all the answers

What can drug overdose toxicity result from?

Administration of doses higher than therapeutic doses Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common type of adverse effect?

Pharmacological Signup and view all the answers

What are side effects related to?

Pharmacological properties of the drug Signup and view all the answers

What does physical dependence involve?

Body adapting to a drug Signup and view all the answers

How can unwanted drug effects be classified?

Based on frequency, seriousness, and underlying mechanisms Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of drug abuse?

Using a drug for non-medical purposes Signup and view all the answers

What can drug overdose toxicity lead to?

Serious or lethal effects Signup and view all the answers

What are cytotoxic and immunological adverse effects usually unrelated to?

The drug's mechanisms of action Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of gestation is most sensitive to morphological teratogenic effects?

First trimester Signup and view all the answers

What is the general relationship between drug molecular weight and the ability to cross the placenta?

Drugs with low molecular weight can generally cross the placenta, while those with high molecular weight cross poorly Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference in sensitivity to teratogenic effects between fetal and adult tissues?

Fetal tissues are more sensitive than adults' Signup and view all the answers

What type of effects on the fetus can result from decreased placental blood flow or maternal diseases compromising fetal growth?

Indirect effects Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the functional teratogenic effects that the fetal stage is most sensitive to?

They may become evident only after many years Signup and view all the answers

What is the similarity between drug carcinogenesis and that caused by other chemicals?

Effects are dose-dependent, additive, and irreversible Signup and view all the answers

What happens to most cancer-causing chemicals before they exert their carcinogenic effects?

They are metabolically activated into toxic and carcinogenic intermediates Signup and view all the answers

How many drugs have demonstrated carcinogenic activity in laboratory animals?

About 1000 Signup and view all the answers

What is known about the number of drugs with known or suspected carcinogenic activity in humans?

The number is small Signup and view all the answers

Which substances are known to have carcinogenic activity in humans?

Anticancer drugs and alcohol Signup and view all the answers

What does drug misuse refer to?

Using a substance for a purpose not consistent with legal or medical guidelines Signup and view all the answers

What do drug abuse, addiction, and substance use disorder involve?

Repetitive drug taking for non-medical purposes Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Mechanisms of Drug Teratogenesis

Drugs with a low molecular weight (MW) can generally cross the placenta, while those with MW exceeding 1000 cross poorly.
Direct effects of drugs on the fetus can be toxic or teratogenic, with fetal tissues being more sensitive than adults'.
Teratogens cause abnormal in utero development or malformations, which are irreversible and dose-dependent.
Indirect effects on the fetus can result from decreased placental blood flow or maternal diseases compromising fetal growth.
Susceptibility to teratogenic agents varies during gestation, with the embryonic stage being most sensitive to morphological teratogenic effects.
The fetal stage is most sensitive to functional teratogenic effects, which may become evident only after many years.
Drug carcinogenesis is similar to that caused by other chemicals, with effects being dose-dependent, additive, and irreversible.
Most cancer-causing chemicals are metabolically activated into toxic and carcinogenic intermediates.
About 1000 drugs have demonstrated carcinogenic activity in laboratory animals, but the number with known or suspected carcinogenic activity in humans is small.
Anticancer drugs and alcohol are known to have carcinogenic activity in humans.
Drug misuse refers to using a substance for a purpose not consistent with legal or medical guidelines.
Drug abuse, addiction, and substance use disorder involve repetitive drug taking for non-medical purposes, with addiction referring to drug craving and compulsive drug seeking behavior.

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