Drug Nomenclature and Preparations
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Questions and Answers

What is the chemical name of a drug?

  • Assigned by the manufacturer that first develops the drug
  • The brand name copyrighted by the selling company
  • The name listed in the United States Pharmacopeia
  • Identifies drug’s atomic and molecular structure (correct)

    • Which classification refers to the clinical indication or therapeutic action of a drug?

  • Chemical composition
  • Mechanism of action
  • Pharmaceutical class
  • Therapeutic class (correct)

    • What type of drug preparation is a capsule?

  • Injectable
  • Transdermal
  • Topical
  • Oral (correct)

    • Which of the following describes a suspension?

    <p>Medication in a liquid containing undissolved particles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the official name of a drug typically used for identification?

    <p>Official name (monograph)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of drug preparation is a transdermal patch?

    <p>Topical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered a trade name of a drug?

    <p>The brand name that is copyrighted</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which option best describes the pharmaceutical class of a drug?

    <p>Describes its chemical structure and mechanism of action</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended intramuscular injection site for adults?

    <p>Ventrogluteal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following routes has the longest absorption time?

    <p>Intradermal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended needle gauge for intradermal injections?

    <p>25-27 gauge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical volume for an intradermal injection?

    <p>0.5 mL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What tissue layer is targeted for subcutaneous injections?

    <p>Adipose tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of pharmacodynamics?

    <p>The ways drugs interact with and alter cell physiology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor does NOT affect the absorption of medications?

    <p>Serum drug levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is defined as the concentration of a drug in the blood serum that produces the desired effect without causing toxicity?

    <p>Therapeutic range</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which adverse drug effect is characterized by an unexpected reaction to a drug that is not based on the drug's known pharmacological effects?

    <p>Idiosyncratic effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'half-life' refer to in pharmacology?

    <p>The time it takes for 50% of a drug to be eliminated from the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors can influence drug action?

    <p>Environmental factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which conversion correctly represents the relationship between grams and milligrams?

    <p>1 gram = 1,000 milligrams</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An anaphylactic reaction to a drug is an example of which type of adverse drug effect?

    <p>Allergic effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of intravenous medication administration?

    <p>Delivers the drug directly into the bloodstream</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which site is NOT typically used for injections?

    <p>Anterior aspects of the leg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of medical record documentation?

    <p>Name of the prescribing physician</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should patients be cautioned against regarding their medication?

    <p>Altering dosages without consulting a physician</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which topical administration method involves applying medication directly to the skin?

    <p>Skin applications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What information is NOT required when administering a controlled substance?

    <p>Patient's home address</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At which point must a nurse compare the medication against the eMAR/MAR?

    <p>When replacing the multi-dose container in the drawer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step to take immediately after a medication error has occurred?

    <p>Check the patient’s condition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT one of the three checks for medication administration?

    <p>Performing a double-check with another nurse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be included in the medical record after a medication error?

    <p>A description of the error and remedial steps taken</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Drug Nomenclature

    • Chemical name: Describes the drug's atomic and molecular composition.
    • Generic name: Assigned by the first manufacturer who develops the drug.
    • Official name (monograph): Found in official publications like the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) and National Formulary (NF). Typically the generic name.
    • Trade name: Brand name copyrighted by the drug's selling company.

    Drug Preparations

    • Oral: Capsules, pills, tablets, extended release, elixirs, suspensions, syrups.
    • Topical: Liniments, lotions, ointments, suppositories, transdermal patches.
    • Injectable: Injected directly into the body.

    Drug Classifications

    • Classifications based on effect on the body system, chemical composition, or clinical indication/therapeutic action.
    • Pharmaceutical class: Focuses on mechanism of action (MOA), physiologic effect (PE), and chemical structure (CS).
    • Therapeutic class: Focuses on the clinical indication for the drug or therapeutic action (e.g., analgesic, antibiotic, antihypertensive).

    Pharmacokinetics

    • Absorption: How the drug enters the bloodstream.
    • Distribution: How the drug moves throughout the body.
    • Metabolism: How the drug is broken down in the body.
    • Excretion: How the drug leaves the body.

    Factors Affecting Absorption

    • Route of administration: How the drug is given (oral, topical, etc.).
    • Lipid solubility: How easily the drug dissolves in fats.
    • pH: The acidity or alkalinity of the environment.
    • Blood flow: Amount of blood to the area where the drug is administered.
    • Local conditions: Factors at the site of administration (e.g., inflammation).
    • Drug dosage: Amount of drug given.

    Pharmacodynamics

    • Drugs alter cell physiology and influence the body.
    • They can promote or block responses in the body's processes.
    • Drug-receptor interaction: Drugs bind to specific cellular structures to alter cell function.
    • Drugs can also combine with other molecules within the body to achieve their effect.
    • Some drugs act on the cell membrane or modify the cellular environment.

    Adverse Drug Effects

    • Allergic effects: Hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylaxis.
    • Drug tolerance: Decreased effect of the drug with repeated use.
    • Toxic effect: Harmful or poisonous effects.
    • Idiosyncratic effect: Unpredictable and individual-specific reactions.
    • Drug interactions: Effects of one drug are altered by another drug.
      • Antagonistic: One drug reduces the effect of another.
      • Synergistic: One drug enhances the effect of another.

    Factors Affecting Drug Action

    • Developmental considerations: Age and maturity of the patient.
    • Weight: Body mass influences drug distribution.
    • Gender: Differences in body composition and hormone levels can influence drug effects.
    • Genetic and cultural factors: Variations in metabolism and responses can be influenced by these factors.
    • Psychological factors: Mental state can influence drug perception.
    • Pathology: Existing medical conditions can affect drug action.
    • Environment: Temperature, humidity, and other environmental factors can impact drug effects.
    • Timing of administration: When the drug is given can influence its absorption and effectiveness.

    Drug Dose and Serum Drug Levels

    • Therapeutic range: Ideal drug concentration in the blood for effectiveness without toxicity.
    • Trough level: Lowest concentration in the blood, indicating the rate of elimination.
    • Half-life: Time it takes for 50% of the drug to be eliminated from the body.

    Metric System Conversions

    • To convert a larger unit to a smaller unit, move the decimal point to the right.
    • To convert a smaller unit to a larger unit, move the decimal point to the left.
      • 1 kilogram = 1,000 grams
      • 1 gram = 1,000 milligrams
      • 1 milligram = 1,000 micrograms
      • 1 liter = 1,000 milliliters or cubic centimeters

    Controlled Substances

    • Required information: Patient name, amount of narcotic used, time of administration, prescribing physician, and administering nurse.

    Three Checks of Medication Administration

    • When reaching for the medication.
    • When preparing the medication.
    • Before giving the medication to the patient.

    Medication Errors

    • Action: Immediately assess the patient for adverse effects.
    • Reporting: Inform the nurse manager and primary care provider.
    • Documentation: Record the error, remedial actions taken in the medical record.
    • Facility reporting: Use a designated error reporting form.

    Intramuscular Injection Sites

    • Adults: Ventrogluteal or deltoid muscle.

    Preparing Medications for Injection

    • Ampules: Single-dose glass containers.
    • Vials: Multiple-dose glass containers.
    • Prefilled cartridges or syringes: Ready-to-administer medication.
    • Mixing medications: Combining drugs in one syringe.
    • Reconstituting powdered medications: Adding liquid to powdered medication to form a solution.

    Intradermal Injections

    • Administration: Injected into the dermis just below the epidermis.
    • Absorption: Longest absorption time among parenteral routes.
    • Uses: Sensitivity tests, local anesthesia.
    • Common sites: Inner forearm, upper back (under the scapula).
    • Needle: 1/4″ to 1/2″, 25- or 27-gauge needle.
    • Angle: 5 to 15 degrees.
    • Dosage: Usually less than 0.5 mL.

    Subcutaneous Injections

    • Administration: Injected into the adipose tissue layer beneath the skin.
    • Common sites: Upper arm, abdomen, anterior thigh, upper back, upper ventral or dorsogluteal area.

    Intravenous Administration

    • Delivery: Directly into the bloodstream.
    • Effect: Immediate drug action.
    • Use: Emergencies.

    Topical Administration

    • Skin applications: Creams, lotions, ointments.
    • Eye instillations and irrigations: Eye drops and washes.
    • Ear instillations and irrigations: Ear drops and washes.
    • Nasal instillations: Nasal sprays.
    • Vaginal applications: Suppositories, creams.
    • Rectal instillations: Suppositories, enemas.

    Medical Record Documentation

    • Medication: Name, dosage, route, and time of administration.
    • Administering person: Nurse's name.
    • Injection site: Site used for injections.
    • Omitted or refused medications: Reason for omission or refusal.
    • Medication errors: Description of the error and steps taken to correct it.

    Patient Teaching

    • Medication administration: Techniques for self-administration.
    • Dosage and duration: Instructions to take medication as prescribed.
    • Dosage alterations: Warning against dosage changes without physician approval.
    • Sharing medications: Recommendation against sharing medications.

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    Related Documents

    Chapter 29 Medications PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers essential concepts in drug nomenclature, including chemical, generic, official, and trade names. Additionally, it explores various drug preparations such as oral, topical, and injectable forms, along with classifications based on therapeutic action and mechanisms of action.

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