Drug Dosing in Special Populations

<p>Any of these weights (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>CrCl is primarily used for drug dosing, while eGFR is used for diagnosing chronic kidney disease. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Consequences of drug overdosing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>50-60 mL/min (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>2010 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Unchanged (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>CrCl (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decrease dose by 50% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Using a database such as Lexidrug™ and clinical reasoning based on the Child-Pugh score (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Liver blood flow decreases by 40-45% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Results in decreased drug clearance and an increase in half-life (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased bioavailability of the parent drug (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Masked reduction in CrCl due to lower creatinine levels (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Older patients often have reduced kidney function which may be masked by a normal SCr (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Primarily via the kidneys (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Drug accumulation and potential toxicity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can cause highly variable alterations in the time course and intensity of drug effects (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The process of misinterpreting an adverse drug effect as a new medical condition, which then leads to the prescription of another drug. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Having a high body mass index. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Start with a low dose. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To minimize the likelihood of drug interactions and difficulty in identifying the cause of adverse effects. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stopping or reducing the dosage of medications that may no longer be necessary or are causing harm. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>That it's a new medical condition requiring another medication. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Monitor the patient and titrate upward slowly, as tolerated. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Regularly eating a high-fiber diet. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Assess for an adverse drug reaction of current medications to rule out the prescribing cascade. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Age 85 or older. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The process of removing waste products from the body, primarily through the kidneys.

A measure of how well the kidneys are filtering waste products from the blood.

A common method to estimate GFR based on a patient's age, sex, race, and serum creatinine level.

A formula used to estimate creatinine clearance, which is a measure of how well the kidneys are clearing creatinine from the blood.

A formula used to calculate eGFR based on creatinine, age, sex, and race.

The amount of a drug that is eliminated by the kidneys per unit of time.

A disease that affects the kidneys' ability to filter waste products from the blood.

An adjustment to the dosage of a medication to account for changes in kidney function.

An online resource that provides information about drug dosing and interactions, including adjustments for renal and hepatic impairment.

The consequences of giving a patient too much of a drug. It can be harmful to the patient.

The prescribing cascade occurs when an adverse drug effect (ADE) is misinterpreted as a new medical condition, leading to the prescription of another drug, which may then cause further ADEs.

The prescribing cascade can be particularly problematic in older adults due to their increased risk of polypharmacy (taking multiple medications) and age-related physiological changes.

Several factors increase the risk of adverse drug events in older adults, including polypharmacy, age-related physiological changes, and low body weight.

A medical professional should start with a low dose of medication for an older patient and gradually increase it based on the patient's tolerance.

Avoid starting two new medications at the same time in older adults to minimize the risk of interactions and adverse effects.

Deprescribing involves carefully reviewing medications and discontinuing those that are no longer necessary or appropriate for an older patient. This process can improve medication safety and reduce the risk of adverse events.

The process by which the body breaks down drugs, mainly in the liver.

The first time a drug passes through the liver, some of it is broken down, reducing the amount that reaches other parts of the body.

The amount of a drug that reaches the bloodstream after it's taken.

Decreased liver blood flow with aging leads to less drug being broken down in the first pass, increasing the amount of drug that reaches the bloodstream.

The time it takes for half of a drug to be eliminated from the body.

The rate at which a drug is removed from the body.

A measure of how well the kidneys are filtering waste, often used to guide drug dosing.

The effect of a drug on the body.

The study of how drugs interact with the body and how the body affects drugs.