Drug Class Niacin Flashcards

Study Notes

Actions of Niacin

Inhibits VLDL synthesis in liver cells, leading to reduced LDL and triglyceride production.
Known as vitamin B3, it can lower triglycerides by 20-50% and cholesterol/LDL-C by 5-25%.
May also increase HDL levels by 15-35%.

Effects of Niacin

Can cause peripheral vasodilation, resulting in increased blood flow and skin flushing.

Uses of Niacin

Employed alongside dietary therapy to lower cholesterol and reduce atherosclerosis risk, potentially leading to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD).

Approved Form of Vitamin B3

Niacin is the only vitamin B3 form approved for treatment of dyslipidemias.
It can be combined with statins or bile acid-binding resins for enhanced cholesterol reduction.

Caution for Diabetic Patients

Use with diabetic patients requires caution due to potential glucose intolerance.
Sustained-release formulations carry a greater risk of hepatotoxicity compared to immediate-release forms.

Immediate Release Products

Immediate-release niacin products are more likely to cause skin flushing.
Dietary supplement intake should not exceed 20 mg/day, while therapeutic niacin doses range from 1-6 g/day.

Therapeutic Outcomes

Expected outcomes include LDL reduction (5-25%), total cholesterol reduction, triglyceride reduction (20-50%), and HDL increase (15-35%).

Nursing Implications

Assess serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels before initiating therapy.
Conduct liver function tests (bilirubin, AST, ALT, GGT, alkaline phosphatase, PT) initially and every 6-8 weeks during the first year.
Determine baseline uric acid and blood glucose levels prior to therapy.
Measure blood pressure and pulse before treatment initiation.
Inquire about any gastrointestinal issues before therapy.

Potential Induced Conditions

Niacin therapy may induce hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia, and gout in susceptible individuals.

Common Adverse Effects

Adverse effects can be mitigated by taking aspirin or ibuprofen 30 minutes before niacin or ingesting it with meals.
Common effects include flushing, itching, rash, tingling, headache, nausea, gas, abdominal discomfort, pain, dizziness, faintness, and hypotension.

Serious Adverse Effects

Can lead to hepatotoxicity (symptoms include fatigue, anorexia, nausea, malaise, jaundice) and myopathy.

Drug Interactions

Increased risk of myopathy when combined with HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors during treatment.

Description

This quiz covers essential flashcards about Niacin, also known as vitamin B3. Learn about its actions, potential side effects, and therapeutic uses in reducing cholesterol. Perfect for students or healthcare professionals looking to enhance their knowledge about this important drug class.