DRRR Reviewer Module 1: Basic Concepts of Disaster

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a disaster?

Causing significant harm and destruction

Occurring over an extended period of time (correct)

A sudden calamitous occurrence

Resulting in both physical and emotional stress

Which of the following is an example of a human-made hazard?

Volcanic eruptions

Hurricanes

Earthquakes

Terrorism (correct)

What is the primary goal of disaster preparedness?

To minimize the probability of a disaster occurring

To save lives and prevent property damage (correct)

To reduce the negative consequences of a disaster

To allocate resources for disaster response

Which of the following factors contributes to a community's vulnerability to disasters?

Poor community infrastructure Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of disaster risk reduction?

To systematically address the factors that lead to disasters Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of disaster risk?

Duration of the disaster event Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a major factor that can underlie disasters?

Improved transportation infrastructure Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common psychological impact of disasters on people?

Panic or distress Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a factor that can influence the severity of a disaster's impact?

Population density Signup and view all the answers

How can disasters affect a country's economy?

Lead to a loss of skilled workers Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common health risk faced by a displaced population after a disaster?

Respiratory issues Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of vulnerability identified in the text?

Technological vulnerability Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor required for liquefaction to occur during an earthquake, according to the text?

Presence of water Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following volcanic hazards is described as a fluidized mass of rock fragments and gases that move rapidly due to gravity?

Pyroclastic flow Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a sign of an impending volcanic eruption?

Decrease in steaming and fumarolic activity Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of natural earthquake mentioned in the text?

Seismic earthquake Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between magnitude and intensity when describing the strength of an earthquake, according to the text?

Magnitude measures the energy released, while intensity measures the shaking experienced at a location. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Disaster Basic Concepts

A disaster is a sudden calamitous occurrence that causes significant harm, injury, destruction, and life-threatening situations, leading to physical and emotional stress.
Examples of natural disasters include earthquakes, typhoons, volcanic eruptions, hurricanes, fires, tornadoes, and extreme temperatures.

Hazard and Risk

A hazard is anything that can cause harm to human life, including injury, illness, property damage, and environmental damage.
A natural hazard occurs when an extreme natural event is destructive to human life and property, such as strong winds, hail, coastal flooding, and landslides.
A human-made hazard, on the other hand, is caused by human activities, such as terrorism.
Risk is the combination of the probability of an event and its negative consequences.

Disaster Risk Reduction

Disaster risk is the potential for disaster losses in lives, health status, livelihoods, assets, and services.
Capacity refers to the combination of community, societal, or organizational strengths that aid in coping with or resisting hazard impact.
Disaster preparedness involves developing plans and allocating resources to save lives and prevent property damage.

Vulnerability

Exposure refers to the probability of varying hazard events.
Vulnerability is a system or asset's susceptibility to damaging effects of a hazard, influenced by characteristics and circumstances of a community, such as poor location or community conflict.

Disaster Types

Landslide, also known as land slip, is a geological phenomenon involving ground movements.
Area with armed conflicts often involves combat or warfare with continual violence involving armed groups or military forces.

Earthquake Hazards

Ground displacement is the deformation of the ground.
Ground shaking is the vibration of the ground.
Landslide is the down-slope movement of rocks, soil, and debris.
Tsunami is a series of huge waves.
Liquefaction is the saturation of soil with groundwater, requiring three factors: loose, granular sediment; water-saturated sediments; and strong shaking.

Volcanic Hazards

Ashfall is volcanic ash consisting of tiny jagged particles of rocks.
Volcanic gases include water vapor and other gases such as CO2, H2S, SO2, and HCl.
Lava flow is a stream of molten rock that flows out of the volcano.
Pyroclastic flow is a fluidized mass of rock fragments and gases that move rapidly due to gravity.
Lahar flow is a mudflow or debris flow composed of mostly volcanic materials mixed with water.

Impacts of Disaster

Physical impacts include injury or death.
Psychological impacts include panic or distress, leading to trauma.
Socio-cultural impacts can alter public perception about the ability and concern of political players, leading to changes in individual roles.
Political impacts can open opportunities for politicians to gain advantage.
Economic impacts include loss of skilled workers.

Severity of Disaster

Education, wealth, governance, technology, and age influence the severity of disaster.
Economic status of the country can influence the effect of the impact of disaster.

Factors Underlying Disasters

Climate change, environmental degradation, globalized economic development, poverty, and inequality contribute to disasters.
Poorly planned and managed urban development, weak governance, and geographical location also contribute to disasters.

Effects of Disaster on One's Life

Displaced population: people abandon their homes and seek shelter in other regions.
Health risks include physical injury, respiratory issues, and contaminated food.
Food security is threatened, leading to food shortage and loss of livelihood.
Emotional aftershocks include extreme trauma and PTSD.

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Description

Test your knowledge on basic concepts related to disaster with this quiz module. Explore topics like different types of disasters, causes, and the impact they have on human life and the environment.