Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is defined as the negative impact that affects communities after a natural hazard?
What is defined as the negative impact that affects communities after a natural hazard?
Which of the following is NOT a type of geological hazard?
Which of the following is NOT a type of geological hazard?
Which phenomenon occurs when soil transforms from solid to liquid state during an earthquake?
Which phenomenon occurs when soil transforms from solid to liquid state during an earthquake?
What initiates the formation of tsunamis?
What initiates the formation of tsunamis?
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Which category of hazards does 'wildfire' belong to?
Which category of hazards does 'wildfire' belong to?
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What is a primary effect of ground shaking during an earthquake?
What is a primary effect of ground shaking during an earthquake?
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What potential hazard is created by the failure of a slope during an earthquake?
What potential hazard is created by the failure of a slope during an earthquake?
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Which of the following is a common method to mitigate the effects of natural hazards?
Which of the following is a common method to mitigate the effects of natural hazards?
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What temperature range typically characterizes magma?
What temperature range typically characterizes magma?
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Which factor does NOT influence magma generation?
Which factor does NOT influence magma generation?
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What characterizes a volcanic eruption with lower viscosity?
What characterizes a volcanic eruption with lower viscosity?
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What natural hazard is created by the combination of volcanic activity and melting snow?
What natural hazard is created by the combination of volcanic activity and melting snow?
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What is the typical formation location for tropical cyclones?
What is the typical formation location for tropical cyclones?
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What is a storm surge?
What is a storm surge?
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Which warning system in the Philippines is dedicated to managing natural hazards?
Which warning system in the Philippines is dedicated to managing natural hazards?
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What is one effect of volcanic eruptions on the environment?
What is one effect of volcanic eruptions on the environment?
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Study Notes
Natural Hazards and Disasters Overview
- Natural hazards pose potential threats leading to negative impacts on communities.
- Natural disasters are the actual detrimental effects experienced post-hazard occurrence.
Types of Hazards
- Geophysical: Earthquakes, Volcanic activity
- Hydrological: Floods, Landslides, Tsunamis
- Meteorological: Hurricanes, Heat waves, Tornadoes
- Climatological: Droughts, Wildfires
Earthquakes
- Caused by seismic waves from faults releasing accumulated elastic strain energy.
- Hazards include:
- Ground Shaking: Causes physical damages through up-down and sideways motions.
- Ground Rupture: Creation of fractures or renewed movement along existing faults.
- Liquefaction: Cohesion-less sand transforms into a liquid state, compromising structural integrity.
- Tsunami: Massive sea waves triggered by underwater disturbances from earthquakes or landslides.
- Landslides: Slope failure during ground shaking.
Volcanic Eruptions
- Magma, a hot mobile rock material, is released to the surface during an eruption.
- Factors influencing magma generation:
- High temperatures lead to partial melting of rocks.
- Pressure changes.
- Composition of magma.
- Presence of volatiles, which lower melting temperatures.
- Eruptive behavior varies by viscosity:
- High viscosity results in violent eruptions.
- Low viscosity leads to quieter eruptions.
- Hazards from volcanic eruptions include:
- Lahars: Mudflows from volcanic debris and water, often caused by melting snow.
- Poisonous Gases: Released gases can be lethal to humans, animals, and plants.
- Tsunamis: Potentially triggered by eruptions.
- Pyroclastic Flows: Fast-moving currents of hot gas and volcanic matter.
Hydrometeorological Phenomena
- Monsoons: Seasonal shifts in wind directions from cold to warm regions, particularly influenced by the Indian Ocean.
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Tropical Cyclones: Severe weather formed over warm oceans, categorized into:
- Typhoons: Occur in the Pacific or Indian Ocean.
- Hurricanes: Occur in the Atlantic Ocean.
- Thunderstorms and Tornadoes: Associated severe weather patterns.
Storm Surges
- Result in an 8-160 km wide dome of water impacting coastlines during cyclone landfall.
- Influenced by strong onshore winds and low air pressure.
Mitigation Strategies
- Engineers develop technologies to reduce negative impacts of natural hazards.
- The National Weather Service and Philippines' NDRRMC provide community alerts and forecasts for floods and earthquakes via emergency broadcasts.
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Description
This quiz focuses on understanding various natural hazards, including geologic, hydrometeorological, and marine coastal threats. It will help you identify community-prone areas for disasters like earthquakes and floods, as well as explore mitigation strategies for these events. Test your knowledge on the impact of land development and waste disposal on coastal processes.
