DRRM: Key Concepts and RA 10121

• DRRM (Disaster Risk Reduction and Management) aims to lower disaster risks by reducing hazard exposure and improving preparedness.

Key Concepts of DRRM

• Disaster refers to a significant disruption surpassing a community's ability to manage with its available resources,
• Risk is defined as the probability of a hazardous event occurring and its adverse effects.
• Hazard refers to a dangerous event or condition capable of causing loss or damage, such as earthquakes or floods.
• Vulnerability signifies conditions rendering a community susceptible to hazards, including poverty or weak infrastructure.
• Capacity encompasses the strengths, resources, and skills needed to predict, manage, and recover from disasters.
• Exposure involves people, property, or systems vulnerable to hazards.
• Disaster risk is the potential loss of life, health, assets, and services due to disasters.

Philippine DRRM Law (RA 10121, 2010)

• Strengthens disaster management at both national and local levels.
• Empowers Local Government Units (LGUs) and Civil Society Organizations (CSOs).
• Integrates disaster risk reduction into education.
• Establishes the Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Fund (DRRMF).
• DRRM systematically combines prevention, mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery.
• Disaster management occurs across all government levels with resources used effectively.

DRRM Actions

• Pre-event actions for DRRM include prevention which is avoiding risks and mitigation which reduces impact, and preparedness which includes readiness.
• Post-event actions include response which delivers immediate help, and recovery which is normal rebuilding.
• CBDRRM (Community-Based Disaster Risk Reduction and Management) empowers communities to manage risks.
• CBDRRM promotes resilience through reducing vulnerabilities and improving capacities.
• Schools and universities play a key role in promoting awareness and readiness.
• Communities reduce disaster impacts with understanding and preparation.

Fire Safety

• Fire needs fuel, oxygen and heat to occur as chemical reaction (combustion).
• Fire hazard is a condition increasing fire risk or hindering control.
• Examples of fire hazards can be flammable items, faulty wiring, open flames, combustible dust, poor storage, and indoor smoking.
• Stages of fire include incipient (ignition), growth, fully developed and decay.

Fire Classes

• Class A fires involve solid materials like wood or paper and is combatted with water or fire extinguishers
• Class B fires involve flammable liquids, which are addressed using foam or CO2 extinguishers.
• Class C fires involve electrical sources; CO2 or dry powder extinguishers are used.
• Class D fires involve metals, requiring special dry powder extinguishers
• Class K fires are kitchen fires involving oils or fats, addressed with wet chemical extinguishers.

Fire Prevention

• Install smoke detectors.
• Avoid overloading outlets.
• Safely store chemicals.
• Keep flammables away from heat.
• Conduct regular fire drills.
• Never leave cooking unattended.
• During a fire do the following if clothes catch fire; Stop, Drop, and Roll.
• Use fire extinguishers or blankets.
• Call 911 for help.

El Nino and La Nina

• ENSO (El Niño-Southern Oscillation) includes El Niño and La Niña phases
• El Niño is the warm phase of ENSO involving trade winds that weaken, warm waters moving eastward, and causes droughts, water shortages, and health risks.
• La Niña is the cool phase of ENSO involving Pacific Ocean surface water cooling and stronger trade winds moving warm water westward.

El Nino and La Nina Effects

• El Nino involves drought, water shortage, health risks, wildfires, and economic losses.
• La Nina involves flooding, landslides, droughts, and disruption of marine life.
• PAGASA and NOAA monitor El Nino and La Nina
• Emergency plans and weather alerts are recommended as preparations.

Floods

• Flood occurs when water overflows on normally dry land.
• Flash flood is a sudden and rapid flood considered very dangerous.

Types of Floods

• River flood
• Flash flood
• Coastal flood
• Urban flood
• Man-made flood (e.g., dam failure)

Causes of Floods

• Heavy rainfall
• Poor drainage systems
• Deforestation
• Urbanization

Flood Warning Levels

• Yellow indicates to monitor and be alert.
• Orange means alert and possible evacuation.
• Red means serious threat and evacuation advised.

Flood Effects

• Damage to property
• Displacement of people
• Health risks - waterborne diseases
• Monitor alerts and move to higher ground as preparation for floods.
• Prepare emergency kits