Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction Act

• Republic Act No. 10121, also known as the "Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010," strengthens the country's disaster risk reduction and management system.
• It provides for a comprehensive national framework, institutionalizing the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan (NDRRMP), and allocating funds for it.
• The State aims to uphold constitutional rights to life and property by addressing disaster vulnerabilities, strengthening institutional capacity, and building resilient local communities.
• The goal is to adopt universal humanitarian assistance norms and a holistic, integrated, and proactive approach to disaster risk reduction.
• The Act promotes the involvement of all sectors, incorporates international principles, and focuses on sustainable development and poverty reduction.
• A comprehensive National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan (NDRRMP) should strengthen government capacity, build community resilience, and institutionalize disaster risk reduction measures.
• Disaster risk reduction and climate change considerations should be integrated into policy, planning, budgeting, and governance, especially in environment, agriculture, water, energy, health, education, and infrastructure.
• It's important to institutionalize policies, structures, coordination, and budget for disaster risk reduction from national to local levels.
• Disaster risk reduction should be part of peace processes and conflict resolution to protect lives and property and help communities recover quickly.
• Disaster and climate change measures should be gender-responsive, respect indigenous knowledge, and uphold human rights.
• The Act seeks to recognize local risk patterns, strengthen LGUs, engage civil society, and develop capacities of vulnerable groups.
• Training programs should educate humanitarian aid workers, communities, health professionals, government agencies, donors, and the media on supporting breastfeeding during disasters.
• Care, assistance, and rehabilitation should be provided to disaster-affected individuals and families to help them return to normal activities.

Definition of Terms

• Adaptation: Adjustments in natural or human systems to actual or expected climate stimuli, moderating harm or exploiting opportunities.
• Capacity: Strengths and resources within a community/society that can reduce disaster risk, including infrastructure, institutions, coping abilities, knowledge, and skills.
• Civil Society Organizations (CSOs): Non-state, non-profit groups uniting people to advance shared interests.
• Climate Change: A change in climate identifiable by changes in the mean and/or variability of its properties, persisting for decades or longer.
• Community-Based Disaster Risk Reduction and Management (CBDRRM): Disaster risk reduction and management where at-risk communities actively engage in identifying, analyzing, treating, monitoring, and evaluating disaster risks.
• Complex Emergency: A human-induced emergency complicated by intense political considerations.
• Contingency Planning: A management process analyzing potential events to enable timely, effective responses.
• Disaster: A serious disruption of a community/society’s functioning involving losses and impacts exceeding their coping capacity.
• Disaster Mitigation: Lessening or limiting the adverse impacts of hazards and related disasters.
• Disaster Preparedness: Knowledge and capacities developed to anticipate, respond to, and recover from hazard events.
• Disaster Prevention: Avoiding adverse impacts of hazards and related disasters outright.
• Disaster Response: Providing emergency services and public assistance during/immediately after a disaster to save lives and meet basic needs.
• Disaster Risk: Potential disaster losses in lives, health, livelihood, assets, and services to a community over a specified time.
• Disaster Risk Reduction: Reducing disaster risks through systematic efforts to analyze and manage causal factors.
• Disaster Risk Reduction and Management: Using administrative directives, organizations, and operational skills systematically to lessen the adverse impacts of hazards and the possibility of disaster.
• Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Information System: Database with information on disasters, their impacts, risk assessment, and vulnerable groups.
• Early Warning System: Capacities to generate and disseminate timely warning information to enable preparation and appropriate action.
• Emergency: Unforeseen or sudden occurrence demanding immediate action.
• Emergency Management: Organization and management of resources/responsibilities to address all aspects of emergencies.
• Exposure: Degree to which elements at risk are likely to experience hazard events.
• Geographic Information System: A database containing geo-hazard assessments, climate change information, and climate risk reduction and management.
• Hazard: Dangerous phenomenon, substance, human activity, or condition causing loss of life, injury, damage, etc.
• Land-Use Planning: Process by public authorities to decide on land use options considering long-term objectives and implications.
• Mitigation: Measures to limit adverse impacts of hazards, environmental degradation, and technological hazards.
• National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Framework (NDRRMF): Provides a comprehensive, all-hazards, multi-sectoral, inter-agency, and community-based approach.
• National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan (NDRRMP): Document by the Office of Civil Defense (OCD) outlining goals/objectives for reducing disaster risks.
• The NDRRMP identifies and manages hazards, vulnerabilities, and risks at the national level and outlines disaster risk reduction and management strategies.
• Post-Disaster Recovery: Restoring and improving facilities, livelihoods, and living conditions, reducing disaster risk factors.
• Preparedness: Pre-disaster actions to avert or minimize loss of life and property, based on risk analysis.
• Private Sector: Key actor in the economy providing goods and serves.
• Public Sector Employees: All persons in the civil sector.
• Rehabilitation: Restoring affected areas to normal functioning.
• Resilience: Ability of a system/community to resist, absorb, accommodate, and recover from hazards.
• Response: Concerted effort to provide assistance during/immediately after a disaster.
• Risk: Combination of the probability of an event and its negative consequences.
• Risk Assessment: Determining the nature and extent of risk by analyzing potential hazards/vulnerabilities.
• Risk Management: Managing uncertainty to minimize potential harm and loss.
• Risk Transfer: Shifting financial consequences of risk from one party to another.
• State of Calamity: A condition involving mass casualty/major damages, disruption of livelihoods, and normal life.
• Sustainable Development: Meeting present needs without compromising future generations' ability to meet their own needs.
• Vulnerability: Characteristics making a community/system susceptible to the damaging effects of a hazard.

National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC)

• The National Disaster Coordinating Council (NDCC) is now known as the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC).
• The Secretary of the Department of National Defense (DND) chairs the NDRRMC.
• The Secretary of the Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG) serves as Vice Chairperson for Disaster Preparedness.
• The Secretary of the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) is Vice Chairperson for Disaster Response.
• The Secretary of the Department of Science and Technology (DOST) serves as Vice Chairperson for Disaster Prevention and Mitigation.
• The Director-General of the National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA) is Vice Chairperson for Disaster Rehabilitation and Recovery.
• The National Council includes various secretaries, chairpersons, chiefs, presidents, and representatives from government agencies, the Armed Forces, the National Police, the Red Cross, and other sectors.
• Representatives from CSOs and the private sector are selected based on criteria and mechanisms set by the National Council.

Powers and Functions of the NDRRMC

• Developing a comprehensive NDRRMF.
• Ensuring the NDRRMP aligns with the NDRRMF.
• Advising the President on disaster operations and recommending state of calamity declarations.
• Ensuring multi-stakeholder participation in the Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Information System.
• Establishing a national early warning and emergency alert system.
• Developing risk transfer mechanisms.
• Monitoring enforcement of disaster-related laws and standards.
• Managing and mobilizing resources, including the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Fund.
• Monitoring the Local Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Fund (LDRRMF).
• Developing assessment tools on the climate change to vulnerable areas
• Developing coordination mechanisms.
• Formulating capability building programs.
• Harmonizing policies for research and technology development.
• Coordinating with the Climate Change Commission.
• Constituting a technical management group.
• Tasking the OCD to conduct performance monitoring.
• Coordinating the implementation of disaster management treaties.
• The Chairperson of the NDRRMC can call upon government and non-government entities for assistance, including the reserve force.

The Office of Civil Defense (OCD)

• The Office of Civil Defense (OCD) has the mission of administering a national civil defense and disaster risk reduction and management program.
• The OCD provides leadership in developing strategies and measures to reduce vulnerabilities and manage risks.
• The Administrator of the OCD is also the Executive Director of the National Council.
• All OCD appointees must be experts in disaster preparedness and management with proven integrity.
• The National Council uses OCD services and facilities as its secretariat.

Powers and Functions of the OCD

• Advise the National Council on disaster risk reduction and management.
• Formulate and implement the NDRRMP.
• Identify, assess, and prioritize hazards and risks.
• Develop and implement national standards for disaster risk reduction programs.
• Review and evaluate Local Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plans (LDRRMPs).
• Ensure LGUs are informed and adhere to national standards.
• Formulate standard operating procedures for rapid assessment teams and information sharing.
• Establish standard communication systems for disaster risk reduction and management councils.
• Establish Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Training Institutes.
• Ensure disaster risk reduction programs align with national policies and international agreements.
• Ensure government agencies and LGUs prioritize disaster risk reduction.
• Create an environment for participation of CSOs, private groups, volunteers, and communities.
• Conduct early recovery and post-disaster needs assessments incorporating gender analysis.
• Establish a 24-hour National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Operations Center (NDRRMOC).
• Prepare criteria for enlisting community disaster volunteers (ACDVs).
• Advise and assist LGUs, especially low-income and high-risk areas.
• Create necessary offices and functions for effective operations.
• Perform other functions necessary for effective operations and implementation.

Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Organization at the Regional Level

• Regional Disaster Coordinating Councils are now called Regional Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Councils (RDRRMCs).
• RDRRMCs coordinate, integrate, supervise, and evaluate LDRRMC activities and ensure disaster-sensitive regional development plans.
• They convene regional line agencies and institutions during emergencies.
• RDRRMCs establish Regional Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Operations Centers (RDRRMOCs) when necessary.
• Civil defense officers of the OCD, designated as Regional Directors, chair the RDRRMCs.
• Regional Directors of the DSWD, DILG, DOST, and NEDA serve as Vice Chairpersons.
• The Regional Governor is the RDRRMC Chairperson for the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM).
• Regional OCD offices serve as the secretariat for RDRRMCs, which include executives from regional offices and field stations of government agencies.

Organization at the Local Government Level

• Provincial, City, and Municipal Disaster Coordinating Councils are now called Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Councils.
• Barangay Disaster Coordinating Councils no longer exist; their powers are assumed by Barangay Development Councils (BDCs).
• The LDRRMC is composed of Local Chief Executives (Chairperson), Local Planning and Development Officer, Head of the LDRRMO, and Heads of various local offices.
• Other members of the LDRRMC include the Division Head/Superintendent of Schools, AFP officer, PNP Chief, Fire Marshall, ABC President, PNRC, four accredited CSOs, and one private sector representative.

Functions of the Local Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Councils (LDRRMCs)

• Approve, monitor, and evaluate LDRRMP implementation.
• Integrate disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation into local plans.
• Recommend forced or preemptive evacuation, if necessary.
• The local council convenes as necessary, or every three months

The Local Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office (LDRRMO)

• An LDRRMO must be established in every province, city, and municipality.
• A Barangay Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Committee (BDRRMC) must be present in every barangay.
• The BDRRMCs are to set the direction, development, implementation and coordination of disaster risk management programs within their territorial jurisdiction.
• The LDRRMO is under the governor, mayor, or punong barangay.
• The LDRMMOs are comprised of the DRRMO and three staff members responsible for administration/training, research/planning, and operations/warning
• The provincial city and municipal DRRMOs or BDRRMCs will perform the following functions.

Functions of the provincial city and municipal DRRMOs or BDRRMCs

• Design/coordinate disaster risk reduction activities consistent with National Council standards.
• Support local risk assessments and contingency planning.
• Consolidate local disaster risk information (hazards, vulnerabilities, risks, etc.).
• Conduct training and knowledge management activities.
• Operate a multi-hazard early warning system.
• Formulate and implement a comprehensive LDRRMP.
• Prepare and submit the annual LDRRMO Plan and budget to the local authorities.
• Conduct continuous disaster monitoring.
• Mobilize LGUs, CSOs, private groups, and volunteers for protection during emergencies.
• Identify, assess, and manage hazards and risks.
• Disseminate information and raise public awareness.
• Identify and implement cost-effective risk reduction measures.
• Maintain a database of human resources, equipment and critical infrastructure.
• Develop partnerships with the private sector, CSOs, and volunteers.
• Arrange for suitably trained personnel for civil defense and disaster risk reduction.
• Organize, train, equip, and supervise local emergency response teams.
• Manage the adverse effects of emergencies and carry out recovery activities.
• Create a special place for internally-displaced mothers in the affected area.
• Promote public awareness of the Act.
• Act as the secretariat and executive arm of the LDRRMC.
• Coordinate disaster risk reduction and management activities
• Coordinate other disaster risk reduction and management activities.
• Establish linkage/network with other LGUs for disaster risk reduction and emergency response purposes
• Recommend the enactment of local ordinances.
• Implement approved LDRRMC policies and plans.
• Establish a Provincial/City/Municipal/Barangay Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Operations Center.
• Prepare/submit a report on the utilization of the LDRRMF and other dedicated disaster risk.
• The BDRRMC is a regular committee of the existing BDC and shall be subject thereto.
• The Punong barangay will facilitate and ensure the participation of the LDRRMC.

Accreditation, Mobilization, and Protection of Disaster Volunteers

• Government agencies, CSOs, private sector, and LGUs may mobilize individuals or volunteer to augment their personnel.
• Ensure enhancement , welfare, and protection of the volunteers.
• Submit volunteers to the OCD for accrediation.
• A national roster of ACDVs, National Service Reserve Corps, CSOs and the private sector shall be maintained by the OCD through the LDRRMOS.
• Volunteers are entitled to benefits and insurance if they are injured or die while engaged.

Integration of Disaster Risk Reduction Education

• The DepEd, the CHED, the Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA) will intergrate disaster risk reduction to school curricula.
• The NDRRMC, the RDRRMCs, the LDRRMCs, the LDRRMOs, the BDRRMCs and the SK councils shall encourage community, specifically the youth to be a part of disaster risk reduction.
• The public sector employers shall be trained in emergency response.

Coordination During Emergencies

• The LDRRMCs will take control in preparing the response from the effects of any disaster.
• The NDRMMC and intermediary LDRRMC will act as support to LGUs

Declaration of State of Calamity

• The President of the Philippines will declare a state of calamity, or its lifting.
• May also be made by the local sanggunian.
• The National Council shall recommend to the President of the Philippines the declaration of a cluster of barangays, municipalities, cities, provinces, and regions under a state of calamity, and the lifting thereof, based on the criteria set by the National Council.

Remedial Measures

• Immediate undertaking by the member-agencies concerned as defined in this Act.
• Imposition of price ceiling on basic necessities and prime commodities by the President.
• Monitoring, prevention and control
• Programming of funds for repair .
• Granting of no-interest loans

Mechanism for International Humanitarian Assistance

• The importation and donation of food, clothing, medicine, and equipment is authorized.
• Considered as Importation by and/or donation to the NDRRMC, subject to the approval of the Office of the President.

Prohibited Acts

• Dereliction of duties
• Preventing the entry of relief goods in disaster-striken areas
• Buying, for consumption or resale, from disaster relief agencies any relief goods
• Buying, for consumption or resale, from the recipient disaster any relief goods
• Selling of relief goods, intended for disaster victims
• Forcefully seizing relief goods
• Diverting or misdelivery of relief goods
• Accepting, possessing, using or disposing relief goods
• Misrepresenting the source of relief goods
• Substituting or replacing relief goods
• Deliberate use of false or inflated data

Penal Clause

• Any person, group or corporation who commits any of the prohibited acts will be fined not less than Fifty thousand pesos (Php50,000.00) or an amount not more than Five hundred thousand pesos (php500,000.00).
• Imprisonment is not less than six (6) years and one (1) day or more than twelve (12) years.
• Includes perpetual disqualification from public office as well as consfiscation.
• The penalty shall be imposed upon the officer or officers from the corporation that is responsible for the violation.

Local Disaster "Risk" Reduction and Management Fund (LDRRMF)

• Also referred to as Local Calamity Fund will be known as the Local Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Fund (LDRRMF).
• A minimum of five percent (5%) from the estimated revenue must be set aside as the LDRRMF
• Intended to support the disaster risk management activities
• 30% shall be allocated as Quick Response Fund

National Disaster Risk" Reduction and Management Fund

• Also referred to as the Calamity Fund
• Shall be known as National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Fund (NDRMM Fund )
• Must be used for disaster risk reduction or mitigation, prevention and preparedness
• 30% shall be allocated as Quick Response Fund

Funding of the OCD

• The OCD will be allocated with a budget of One Billion Pesos

Annual Report

• The National Council will submit their report within the first quarter of the year

Implementing Rules and Regulations

• The NDRMMC. shall issue the necessary rules and regulations for the effective implementation of this Act within ninety (90) days after approval of this Act.

Congressional Oversight Committee

• This will monitor and oversee the provisions of the act
• composed of fix (6) members from the Serate and fix (6) members from the House of representatives.

Sunset Review

• To conduct a systematic evaluation
• Within 5 years the committee shall conduct a sunset view

Repealing Clause

• All previous and inconsistent laws, decrees , proclamations and other executive will be regarded as amended and repealed.

Separability Clause

• Any provision of this Act that is found unconstitutional or invalid will remain in full force and in effect

Effectivity Clause

• Act will take into effect fiftheen (15) days after its complete publication.