Drawbacks and Applications of Market-Based Approaches for Air Quality Management
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Questions and Answers

_______ inventory: determine types of sources and amount of air pollutants emitted

Emission

Modeling: estimate pollutant concentration using mathematical equations --> gives overall pictures of air _______

quality

Air quality guidelines (WHO): a synthesis of information emerging from research on the health effects of each pollutant --> apply _______

globally

________ air quality standards (AAQS): legal limits of pollutants in the air during a stipulated time period

<p>Ambient</p> Signup and view all the answers

Air pollution criteria: scientific knowledge Describe expected effects when ambient concentration reach or exceed certain levels for a specified period Criteria are results of scientific _______

<p>research</p> Signup and view all the answers

Integrated Air Quality Management Example: Air Pollution Criteria for Ozone _______

<p>Conc.</p> Signup and view all the answers

CAC is normally not cost-effective, especially when AAQS are more stringent. AAQS stands for Ambient Air Quality Standards. CAC stands for ________

<p>Clean Air Compliance</p> Signup and view all the answers

MBI drawbacks include being complicated and requiring an intensive monitoring program. MBI stands for ________

<p>Market Based Instrument</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Integrated Air Quality Management approach offers incentives or subsidies for air pollution control and creates a market for ________ trading.

<p>emission</p> Signup and view all the answers

One of the MBI applications mentioned is taxation on NOx and S in Europe. NOx refers to ________ oxide.

<p>nitrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

In developing countries, there has been a tax on leaded gasoline. Lead is known to have adverse effects on ________ health.

<p>human</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the Olympics in Beijing in 2008, extra temporary control measures were taken to improve air quality, such as keeping nearly one half of vehicles off-road. This led to a decline in PM2.5 concentration by about ________%.

<p>40</p> Signup and view all the answers

An Air Quality Index of above 80 may result in decreased pulmonary function in exercising adults and increased susceptibility to respiratory infections as per the ______

<p>US NAAQS, 1997</p> Signup and view all the answers

An Air Quality Index of 2000 may lead to severe cough and cracked, stretched rubber, according to the description provided for ______

<p>Integrated Air Quality Management</p> Signup and view all the answers

An Air Quality Index of 120 may cause above 15% FEV decrement in 8.3% of children exposed, according to the ______

<p>US NAAQS, Indonesia</p> Signup and view all the answers

The WHO guideline from 2005 and NAAQS India from 2009 set the acceptable pollutant concentration level at ______

<p>70</p> Signup and view all the answers

The NAAQS Thailand specifies an Air Quality Index of >80 leads to decreased pulmonary function in exercising adults and increased susceptibility to respiratory infections above ______ exposure

<p>15%</p> Signup and view all the answers

The annual standards for TSP in the US are set at 330 µg/m³, while for PM2.5, the standards are 24 hours at 50 µg/m³ and 1 year at ______ µg/m³

<p>25</p> Signup and view all the answers

The US defines two classifications for AAQS: Primary to protect public health and Secondary to protect public welfare and properties. The short-term exposure durations are either 1-hour, 8-hour, or ______

<p>24-hour</p> Signup and view all the answers

The acceptable concentration level for O3 for 8-hour averaging time is set at 0.07 ppm in the US NAAQS, while for SO2, it is ______

<p>0.03 ppm</p> Signup and view all the answers

The NAAQS of Vietnam specifies an Air Quality Index of 100 leads to increased airway resistance, according to the ______

<p>NAAQS Thailand; China 2nd class, 2012</p> Signup and view all the answers

An Air Quality Index of 2000 may result in severe cough and cracked, stretched rubber, according to the descriptions provided for ______

<p>Integrated Air Quality Management</p> Signup and view all the answers

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