Drainage Systems and Water Resources in Ethiopia and the Horn of Africa

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What is the estimated annual fish production in Ethiopian lakes?

60-70% of the potential

4,500 tons

8,000-10,000 tons

31.5 tons (correct)

Which Ethiopian lake currently leads in fish potential production?

Lake Tana (correct)

Lake Langano

Lake Chamo

Lake Ziway

What is the main threat to some of the Ethiopian lakes, according to the text?

Expansion of investments around lakes (correct)

Overpopulation of fish species

Pollution from industrial waste

Rising water levels due to climate change

What makes Ethiopian rivers and lakes important recreational and tourist attractions, according to the text?

Presence of hot springs around the lakes Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of fish supplies in Ethiopian lakes come from the main Rift Valley lakes?

60% Signup and view all the answers

Why is the value of Ethiopian rivers and lakes immense for scientific purposes?

Because they are natural habitats of a variety of wildlife Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the reddish-brown color of Nitosols?

High concentration of iron (ferric) oxides Signup and view all the answers

In which regions of Ethiopia are Acrisols typically found?

Some pockets of southwestern highlands with high rainfall Signup and view all the answers

What is a distinctive feature of Vertisols when they are wet?

They have a high proportion of swelling clays Signup and view all the answers

What is a major concern with Acrisols?

They have very low resilience to degradation Signup and view all the answers

What type of rocks do Vertisols often develop on?

Igneous rocks such as volcanic plateau basalt Signup and view all the answers

In which regions of Ethiopia are Vertisols commonly found?

In parts of Northwestern, Central and Southeastern highlands Signup and view all the answers

What is natural vegetation referred to as?

A plant cover that develops with little or no human interference Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main factors that affect the spatial distribution of natural vegetation in a region?

Temperature and precipitation Signup and view all the answers

What is a major function of natural vegetation in an area?

To provide food and shelter Signup and view all the answers

What type of plants are found in lowlands in Ethiopia?

Xeromorphic plants Signup and view all the answers

What determines the characteristics of Ethiopia's natural vegetation?

Elevation and rainfall Signup and view all the answers

What can natural vegetation help to minimize?

Soil erosion Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor that causes a decrease in temperature with increasing elevation?

Changes in atmospheric pressure Signup and view all the answers

How much does the temperature generally decrease per kilometer rise in altitude?

6.5°C Signup and view all the answers

What type of lapse rate involves temperature changes due to internal processes of expansion and contraction, without the addition or withdrawal of heat?

Dry adiabatic lapse rate Signup and view all the answers

In which layer of the atmosphere is the lapse rate limited to?

Troposphere Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors does NOT cause a decrease in temperature with increasing elevation?

Increased distance from the equator Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the volume of a mass of dry air at sea level if it rises to an altitude of about 18,000 ft (5486.22 meters)?

The volume is doubled Signup and view all the answers

Which percentage of the earth's total surface is covered by water bodies?

71% Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the earth's total water surface is fresh water?

2.5% Signup and view all the answers

Which topographical setup of Ethiopia contributes to the country's larger volume of ground and surface water?

Complex blend of massive highlands and rugged terrain Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated surface water potential of Ethiopia in billion cubic meters (BCM)?

124.4 BCM Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes Ethiopia's water coverage?

0.7 % of total land mass is covered by water bodies Signup and view all the answers

Why is Ethiopia often referred to as the water tower of Eastern Africa?

Because of its relatively large surface water potential Signup and view all the answers