Drainage Systems and Water Resources in Ethiopia and the Horn of Africa
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Questions and Answers

What is the estimated annual fish production in Ethiopian lakes?

  • 60-70% of the potential
  • 4,500 tons
  • 8,000-10,000 tons
  • 31.5 tons (correct)
  • Which Ethiopian lake currently leads in fish potential production?

  • Lake Tana (correct)
  • Lake Langano
  • Lake Chamo
  • Lake Ziway
  • What is the main threat to some of the Ethiopian lakes, according to the text?

  • Expansion of investments around lakes (correct)
  • Overpopulation of fish species
  • Pollution from industrial waste
  • Rising water levels due to climate change
  • What makes Ethiopian rivers and lakes important recreational and tourist attractions, according to the text?

    <p>Presence of hot springs around the lakes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of fish supplies in Ethiopian lakes come from the main Rift Valley lakes?

    <p>60% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the value of Ethiopian rivers and lakes immense for scientific purposes?

    <p>Because they are natural habitats of a variety of wildlife (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the reddish-brown color of Nitosols?

    <p>High concentration of iron (ferric) oxides (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which regions of Ethiopia are Acrisols typically found?

    <p>Some pockets of southwestern highlands with high rainfall (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a distinctive feature of Vertisols when they are wet?

    <p>They have a high proportion of swelling clays (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major concern with Acrisols?

    <p>They have very low resilience to degradation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of rocks do Vertisols often develop on?

    <p>Igneous rocks such as volcanic plateau basalt (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which regions of Ethiopia are Vertisols commonly found?

    <p>In parts of Northwestern, Central and Southeastern highlands (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is natural vegetation referred to as?

    <p>A plant cover that develops with little or no human interference (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main factors that affect the spatial distribution of natural vegetation in a region?

    <p>Temperature and precipitation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major function of natural vegetation in an area?

    <p>To provide food and shelter (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of plants are found in lowlands in Ethiopia?

    <p>Xeromorphic plants (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the characteristics of Ethiopia's natural vegetation?

    <p>Elevation and rainfall (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can natural vegetation help to minimize?

    <p>Soil erosion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor that causes a decrease in temperature with increasing elevation?

    <p>Changes in atmospheric pressure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much does the temperature generally decrease per kilometer rise in altitude?

    <p>6.5°C (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of lapse rate involves temperature changes due to internal processes of expansion and contraction, without the addition or withdrawal of heat?

    <p>Dry adiabatic lapse rate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which layer of the atmosphere is the lapse rate limited to?

    <p>Troposphere (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors does NOT cause a decrease in temperature with increasing elevation?

    <p>Increased distance from the equator (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the volume of a mass of dry air at sea level if it rises to an altitude of about 18,000 ft (5486.22 meters)?

    <p>The volume is doubled (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which percentage of the earth's total surface is covered by water bodies?

    <p>71% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the earth's total water surface is fresh water?

    <p>2.5% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which topographical setup of Ethiopia contributes to the country's larger volume of ground and surface water?

    <p>Complex blend of massive highlands and rugged terrain (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated surface water potential of Ethiopia in billion cubic meters (BCM)?

    <p>124.4 BCM (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes Ethiopia's water coverage?

    <p>0.7 % of total land mass is covered by water bodies (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is Ethiopia often referred to as the water tower of Eastern Africa?

    <p>Because of its relatively large surface water potential (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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