Drainage Systems and Water Resources in Ethiopia and the Horn of Africa
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Questions and Answers

What is the estimated annual fish production in Ethiopian lakes?

  • 60-70% of the potential
  • 4,500 tons
  • 8,000-10,000 tons
  • 31.5 tons (correct)

Which Ethiopian lake currently leads in fish potential production?

  • Lake Tana (correct)
  • Lake Langano
  • Lake Chamo
  • Lake Ziway

What is the main threat to some of the Ethiopian lakes, according to the text?

  • Expansion of investments around lakes (correct)
  • Overpopulation of fish species
  • Pollution from industrial waste
  • Rising water levels due to climate change

What makes Ethiopian rivers and lakes important recreational and tourist attractions, according to the text?

<p>Presence of hot springs around the lakes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of fish supplies in Ethiopian lakes come from the main Rift Valley lakes?

<p>60% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the value of Ethiopian rivers and lakes immense for scientific purposes?

<p>Because they are natural habitats of a variety of wildlife (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the reddish-brown color of Nitosols?

<p>High concentration of iron (ferric) oxides (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which regions of Ethiopia are Acrisols typically found?

<p>Some pockets of southwestern highlands with high rainfall (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a distinctive feature of Vertisols when they are wet?

<p>They have a high proportion of swelling clays (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a major concern with Acrisols?

<p>They have very low resilience to degradation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of rocks do Vertisols often develop on?

<p>Igneous rocks such as volcanic plateau basalt (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which regions of Ethiopia are Vertisols commonly found?

<p>In parts of Northwestern, Central and Southeastern highlands (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is natural vegetation referred to as?

<p>A plant cover that develops with little or no human interference (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main factors that affect the spatial distribution of natural vegetation in a region?

<p>Temperature and precipitation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a major function of natural vegetation in an area?

<p>To provide food and shelter (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of plants are found in lowlands in Ethiopia?

<p>Xeromorphic plants (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines the characteristics of Ethiopia's natural vegetation?

<p>Elevation and rainfall (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can natural vegetation help to minimize?

<p>Soil erosion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor that causes a decrease in temperature with increasing elevation?

<p>Changes in atmospheric pressure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How much does the temperature generally decrease per kilometer rise in altitude?

<p>6.5°C (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of lapse rate involves temperature changes due to internal processes of expansion and contraction, without the addition or withdrawal of heat?

<p>Dry adiabatic lapse rate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which layer of the atmosphere is the lapse rate limited to?

<p>Troposphere (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors does NOT cause a decrease in temperature with increasing elevation?

<p>Increased distance from the equator (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the volume of a mass of dry air at sea level if it rises to an altitude of about 18,000 ft (5486.22 meters)?

<p>The volume is doubled (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which percentage of the earth's total surface is covered by water bodies?

<p>71% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the earth's total water surface is fresh water?

<p>2.5% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which topographical setup of Ethiopia contributes to the country's larger volume of ground and surface water?

<p>Complex blend of massive highlands and rugged terrain (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated surface water potential of Ethiopia in billion cubic meters (BCM)?

<p>124.4 BCM (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes Ethiopia's water coverage?

<p>0.7 % of total land mass is covered by water bodies (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is Ethiopia often referred to as the water tower of Eastern Africa?

<p>Because of its relatively large surface water potential (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is the estimated annual fish production in Ethiopian lakes?

The total amount of fish that can be produced annually from Ethiopian lakes is estimated to be 31.5 tons.

Which Ethiopian lake currently leads in fish potential production?

Lake Tana is currently the most productive lake in Ethiopia when it comes to potential fish production.

What is the main threat to some of the Ethiopian lakes, according to the text?

The expansion of investments and development activities around lakes is a significant threat to the health of these ecosystems.

What makes Ethiopian rivers and lakes important recreational and tourist attractions, according to the text?

The presence of hot springs around the lakes makes Ethiopian rivers and lakes appealing destinations for recreation and tourism.

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What percentage of fish supplies in Ethiopian lakes come from the main Rift Valley lakes?

About 60% of the fish supply in Ethiopian lakes comes from the main Rift Valley lakes.

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Why is the value of Ethiopian rivers and lakes immense for scientific purposes?

Ethiopian rivers and lakes are of great scientific value because they serve as natural habitats for diverse wildlife.

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What is the primary reason for the reddish-brown color of Nitosols?

Nitosols are characterized by their reddish-brown color, primarily due to the high concentration of iron (ferric) oxides.

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In which regions of Ethiopia are Acrisols typically found?

Acrisols are typically found in areas of the southwestern highlands of Ethiopia that receive high rainfall.

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What is a distinctive feature of Vertisols when they are wet?

Vertisols are known for their high proportion of swelling clays, which causes them to expand significantly when wet.

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What is a major concern with Acrisols?

Acrisols are very susceptible to degradation, which is a major concern for their long-term sustainability.

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What type of rocks do Vertisols often develop on?

Vertisols often develop on igneous rocks, such as the volcanic plateau basalt found in Ethiopia.

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In which regions of Ethiopia are Vertisols commonly found?

Vertisols are commonly found in parts of the northwestern, central, and southeastern highlands of Ethiopia.

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What is natural vegetation referred to as?

Natural vegetation refers to the plant cover that develops in an area without significant human interference.

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What are the two main factors that affect the spatial distribution of natural vegetation in a region?

The spatial distribution of natural vegetation in a region is primarily influenced by two factors: temperature and precipitation.

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What is a major function of natural vegetation in an area?

Natural vegetation plays a crucial role in providing food and shelter for various organisms within an area.

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What type of plants are found in lowlands in Ethiopia?

Lowlands in Ethiopia are typically characterized by xeromorphic plants, which are adapted to survive in arid conditions.

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What determines the characteristics of Ethiopia's natural vegetation?

Elevation and rainfall are the primary factors that determine the characteristics of Ethiopia's natural vegetation.

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What can natural vegetation help to minimize?

Natural vegetation can help minimize soil erosion by providing a protective layer that prevents soil from being washed away.

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What is the primary factor that causes a decrease in temperature with increasing elevation?

A decrease in temperature with increasing elevation is primarily caused by changes in atmospheric pressure.

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How much does the temperature generally decrease per kilometer rise in altitude?

Temperature generally decreases by approximately 6.5°C for every kilometer rise in altitude.

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What type of lapse rate involves temperature changes due to internal processes of expansion and contraction, without the addition or withdrawal of heat?

The dry adiabatic lapse rate refers to the temperature change that occurs due to internal processes of expansion and contraction, without the addition or withdrawal of heat.

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In which layer of the atmosphere is the lapse rate limited to?

The lapse rate, the rate of temperature change with altitude, is limited to the troposphere, the lowest layer of the atmosphere.

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Which of the following factors does NOT cause a decrease in temperature with increasing elevation?

The distance from the equator does not cause a decrease in temperature with increasing elevation.

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What happens to the volume of a mass of dry air at sea level if it rises to an altitude of about 18,000 ft (5486.22 meters)?

If a mass of dry air at sea level rises to an altitude of about 18,000 ft (5486.22 meters), its volume will double due to the decrease in pressure.

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Which percentage of the earth's total surface is covered by water bodies?

Approximately 71% of the earth's total surface is covered by water bodies.

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What percentage of the earth's total water surface is fresh water?

Out of the total earth's water surface, only 2.5% is fresh water, which is vital for life.

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Which topographical setup of Ethiopia contributes to the country's larger volume of ground and surface water?

Ethiopia's unique topographical setup, with massive highlands and rugged terrain, contributes to its abundant ground and surface water resources.

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What is the estimated surface water potential of Ethiopia in billion cubic meters (BCM)?

Ethiopia has an estimated surface water potential of 124.4 billion cubic meters (BCM), highlighting its significant water resources.

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Which of the following best describes Ethiopia's water coverage?

Water bodies cover about 0.7% of Ethiopia's total land mass, indicating its relatively large water coverage.

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Why is Ethiopia often referred to as the water tower of Eastern Africa?

Ethiopia is often referred to as the water tower of Eastern Africa due to its substantial surface water potential, making it a vital source of water for the region.

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