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Questions and Answers
Which of the following statements accurately compares single and double bonds?
Which of the following statements accurately compares single and double bonds?
- Double bonds involve sharing one pair of electrons, while single bonds involve sharing two pairs.
- Double bonds are shorter and have greater electron density between the nuclei compared to single bonds. (correct)
- Single bonds result in greater repulsion between electron clouds, leading to higher reactivity.
- Single bonds are shorter and more reactive than double bonds.
Molecules form multiple bonds (double or triple) because they have sufficient valence electrons to complete their valence shells by sharing only one pair of electrons.
Molecules form multiple bonds (double or triple) because they have sufficient valence electrons to complete their valence shells by sharing only one pair of electrons.
False (B)
Explain why double bonds are more reactive than single bonds.
Explain why double bonds are more reactive than single bonds.
Double bonds have electron clouds that extend out further from the molecule, leading to minimal repulsion and increased reactivity.
Lone pairs in molecules are shown at angles to minimize ______.
Lone pairs in molecules are shown at angles to minimize ______.
Match the bond type with the number of electron pairs shared:
Match the bond type with the number of electron pairs shared:
Compared to a single bond, a double bond has:
Compared to a single bond, a double bond has:
In a double bond, the nuclei experience a weaker force of attraction compared to a single bond due to less electron density.
In a double bond, the nuclei experience a weaker force of attraction compared to a single bond due to less electron density.
Give an example of a molecule that contains a double bond.
Give an example of a molecule that contains a double bond.
A double bond is formed when atoms share ______ pairs of electrons.
A double bond is formed when atoms share ______ pairs of electrons.
What is the primary reason electron clouds extend further out in a double bond arrangement?
What is the primary reason electron clouds extend further out in a double bond arrangement?
Flashcards
Single Bond
Single Bond
One pair of shared electrons between two atoms.
Double Bond
Double Bond
Two pairs of shared electrons between two atoms.
Triple Bond
Triple Bond
Three pairs of shared electrons between two atoms.
Double Bond Formation
Double Bond Formation
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Electron Density in Double Bonds
Electron Density in Double Bonds
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Double vs. Single Bond Length
Double vs. Single Bond Length
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Force on Nuclei
Force on Nuclei
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Electron Cloud Repulsion
Electron Cloud Repulsion
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Double Bond Reactivity
Double Bond Reactivity
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Lone Pair Positioning
Lone Pair Positioning
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Study Notes
- Not all molecules have enough valence electrons for full valence shells
- A single pair of shared electrons between two atoms make a single bond
- Two pairs of electrons shared between two atoms make a double bond
- Three pairs of electrons shared between two atoms make a triple bond
Double Bonds
- Atoms may share 2 pairs of electrons, 4 total, to form a double covalent bond
- Example: O2
- Lone pairs arrange at angles to minimize repulsion
Properties
- Due to the sharing of 4 electrons, double bonds have greater electron density between the two nuclei than single bonds, which share 2 electrons
- Area between the nuclei is more negative
- Nuclei experience a stronger force of attraction
- Double bonds are shorter than single bonds
- The 4 electrons in a double bond create a lot of repulsion, causing the electron clouds to extend further from the molecule to minimize repulsion
- Electron clouds stick out more, making double bonds more reactive than single bonds
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