Dopamine vs Dobutamine

Which receptor subtype has the highest affinity for dopamine at low doses, leading to vasodilation in renal and mesenteric vascular beds?

A patient with cardiogenic shock requires a medication to increase cardiac output with minimal vascular effects. Which medication is most appropriate?

Which of the following effects is associated with stimulation of beta-2 adrenergic receptors?

Ritodrine is a selective beta-2 agonist used for tocolysis. By what route(s) can it be administered?

A patient is experiencing premature labor. Which Beta-2 agonist could be administered as a tocolytic?

What is a potential adverse effect associated with the use of selective Beta 2 agonists, particularly at high doses?

Mirabegron is a selective Beta 3 agonist used to treat overactive bladder. What is the mechanism of action?

A patient using Xylometazoline nasal spray for an extended period reports increased nasal congestion when they stop using it. What is the likely cause?

Why should caution be taken when using non-selective alpha agonists in hypertensive patients?

Which of the following is a therapeutic use of phenylephrine?

A 68-year-old male with a history of hypertension is prescribed a nasal decongestant for a cold. Which of the following active ingredients in the decongestant should raise concern?

What is the primary mechanism of action of clonidine?

Tizanidine is a congener of clonidine, but it is primarily used as what?

Which of the following statements best describes the difference between clonidine and tizanidine?

Which short-acting selective Beta 2 agonist is administered by oral route?

Which of the following adrenergic agonists is commonly present in nasal sprays to treat nasal congestion?

Which of the following is a use tizanidine?

Which of the following a selective beta 2 agonists?

A patient with a history of asthma is experiencing bronchospasm. Which of the following medications would be most appropriate to provide immediate relief?

A patient on a Beta 2 agonist complains about experiencing hand tremors. What is the mechanism for this adverse effect?

A patient is experiencing orthostatic hypotension and requires a medication to increase blood pressure. Which of the following medications would be most appropriate?

A patient with an overactive bladder is prescribed Mirabegron. What is a possible side effect of this medication?

A patient is prescribed clonidine for hypertension. What is the primary mechanism of action by which clonidine lowers blood pressure?

Which of the following medications is a synthetic catecholamine?

Which medication causes the following: Stimulates D1 > β1 > α1 receptors?

Which of the following medications is used primarily as a tocolytic agent?

What receptor selectivity is lost when Beta 2 agonists is administered in high doses?

Which of the following medications has a relatively minimal effect on blood pressure?

A previously healthy 25-year-old female presents to urgent care with a chief complaint of nasal congestion for 1 week not resolving with saline nasal spray. She denies any allergies, fever, cough, or other symptoms. She asks if there is anything stronger she can use for her congestion. What would be your recommendation?

A patient with a known history of stable heart failure taking appropriate medications presents to the Emergency Department with shortness of breath and is found to be hypotensive. The patient requires an agent to improve cardiac output and blood pressure. Which of the following medications would be most appropriate?

A researcher is investigating the effects of adrenergic agonists on vascular smooth muscle. Which of the following receptors, when stimulated, would be most likely to cause vasoconstriction?

A pregnant woman in her third trimester is experiencing preterm labor. Her physician decides to administer a Beta-2 adrenergic agonist to help suppress uterine contractions. Which of the following is the most likely mechanism by which this class of drugs achieves uterine relaxation?

An anesthesiologist is preparing to administer a medication to increase a patient's blood pressure during surgery. The patient has a known history of asthma, and the anesthesiologist wants to avoid any medication that could potentially trigger bronchoconstriction. Which of the following adrenergic agonists would be the MOST appropriate choice?

A patient is experiencing severe bradycardia and hypotension following a drug overdose. The medical team decides to administer an adrenergic agonist to increase heart rate and blood pressure. Which of the following medications, with its receptor selectivity, would be MOST effective in this scenario?

A 70-year-old man with a history of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is prescribed phenylephrine nasal drops for nasal congestion. Which of the following potential adverse effects should the patient be MOST cautious about due to his underlying BPH?

A researcher is studying the effects of various adrenergic agonists on uterine smooth muscle. Which of the following interventions would MOST likely promote uterine relaxation and be useful in the treatment of preterm labor?

A patient with a known hypersensitivity to catecholamines requires vasopressor support during septic shock. The patient's physician decides to use a vasopressor with minimal interaction with adrenergic receptors. Which of the following agents is MOST appropriate?

A researcher is investigating how different adrenergic agonists affect heart rate and blood pressure. They administer four different drugs (A, B, C, and D) to animal models and monitor the changes in heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP). The results are shown below:

Drug A: HR increased significantly, MAP remained relatively unchanged. Drug B: HR decreased significantly, MAP increased significantly. Drug C: HR increased moderately, MAP increased moderately. Drug D: HR decreased slightly, MAP remained relatively unchanged.

Based on these observations, which drug is MOST likely a selective α2-adrenergic agonist?

A 30-year-old woman presents to her physician with complaints of frequent urination, urgency, and nocturia. After ruling out other potential causes, she is diagnosed with overactive bladder (OAB). The physician decides to prescribe mirabegron, a beta-3 adrenergic agonist. Which of the following mechanisms of action BEST describes how mirabegron helps to alleviate the symptoms of OAB?

A researcher is investigating the effects of a novel adrenergic agonist on various tissues. The researcher observes that the drug causes significant bronchodilation but also increases heart rate and contractility. Upon further investigation, the researcher finds that the drug has high affinity for both β1 and β2 adrenergic receptors. Which of the following strategies would be MOST effective in reducing the cardiac side effects while maintaining the bronchodilatory effects?