Questions and Answers
What is the average gestation period for a dog?
Which stage of the estrous cycle lasts for approximately 10 days?
What heart rate range indicates normal foetal distress in a dog?
What should be the response if there has been no progress in labour after 2-3 hours post foetal fluid passage?
Signup and view all the answers
How long does the Luteal Phase last in the dog’s estrous cycle?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the expected plasma relaxin concentration around 25 days into gestation?
Signup and view all the answers
Oxytocin should be used in cases of obstructive dystocia.
Signup and view all the answers
What is the duration of the anoestrus phase?
Signup and view all the answers
The heart rate indicating foetal distress is considered to be less than ______ bpm.
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following clinical signs indicates parturition?
Signup and view all the answers
Match the phase of the estrous cycle with its duration:
Signup and view all the answers
Pseudopregnancy occurs in all non-pregnant entire bitches.
Signup and view all the answers
The average gestation period for dogs is ______ days.
Signup and view all the answers
What should be done if a puppy is present within 2-4 hours of green discharge?
Signup and view all the answers
Which method is used to confirm pregnancy after 21-32 days?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Estrous Cycle of Dogs
- Consists of four stages: Anoestrus, Pro-oestrus, Oestrus, and Meta-/Dioestrus.
- Pro-oestrus lasts approximately 10 days, where females exhibit hormonal changes.
- Oestrus follows, also lasting about 10 days, characterized by receptiveness to mating.
- The Luteal Phase lasts around 2 days, which involves hormone production from the corpus luteum.
- Anoestrus usually lasts about 4.5 months, a period of reproductive inactivity.
Gestation Period
- The average duration of gestation in dogs is approximately 64 days.
When to Seek Veterinary Assistance
- Weak straining persists for over 2-4 hours.
- Strong straining lasts more than 20-30 minutes without progress.
- No progress occurs 2-3 hours after fetal fluid release.
- If a puppy is due to be born in 2-4 hours but no green discharge appears.
- Post-delivery, if the queen has no discharge or it is red-brown for more than 2-4 hours.
- Failure to expel after more than 12 hours in the second stage of labor.
Transabdominal Ultrasound (US) for Fetal Monitoring
- Normal fetal heart rate is between 180-240 beats per minute (bpm).
Reproductive Phases
- Anoestrus: Dominated by oestrogen, lasts 4.5 months.
- Pro-oestrus: Approximately 10 days, prepares the reproductive system for mating.
- Oestrus: Also lasts about 10 days; the period of receptivity to mating.
- Luteal Phase: Lasts around 2 months, characterized by high progesterone levels.
- Average Gestation Period: Approximately 64 days from conception.
Indicators for Veterinary Intervention
- Weak straining persisting for more than 2-4 hours may indicate complications.
- Strong straining for over 20-30 minutes requires immediate attention.
- If no activity has occurred 2-3 hours post-passing of fetal fluids.
- The presence of a puppy within 2-4 hours of green discharge or red-brown in queens.
- If more than 2-4 hours have elapsed since the last puppy and more are expected.
- More than 12 hours in the second stage of expulsion signals a potential issue.
Transabdominal Ultrasound and Fetal Monitoring
- Normal fetal heart rate: 180-240 bpm.
- Heart rate below 180 bpm indicates fetal distress.
- Heart rate drops below 150 bpm at full term is concerning.
Immediate Veterinary Intervention Measures
- Oxytocin: Used to start or continue labor, contraindicated in obstructive dystocia.
- A recorded body temperature exceeding 39.5°C is a sign of potential complications.
- If the placenta has not been expelled within 4-6 hours, intervention is necessary.
Clinical Signs of Approaching Parturition
- Reddened or enlarged teats may indicate hormonal changes.
- Increased heart rate is commonly observed as parturition approaches.
- Significant increase in appetite and weight gain during pregnancy.
- Relaxation of perineal tissue and vulva is noted as a sign of impending labor.
Plasma Relaxin and Pregnancy Confirmation
- At 25 days gestation, abdominal palpation can detect pregnancies as early as Day 21-32.
- Puppies can be balloted starting at 30 days of gestation.
- Ultrasonography can confirm fetal heartbeats between 24-28 days.
Pseudopregnancy
- Occurs naturally in all entire non-pregnant bitches; also seen in queens after sterile mating.
- Characterized by elevated prolactin levels.
- Typically resolves after 'parturition' or simulated birthing behavior.
Predictions for Parturition Timing
- Based on progesterone level exceeding 1.8 ng/mL as an indicator:
- +1 day prediction accuracy: 67%.
- +2 days: 90%.
- +3 days: 100%.
- Notable drop in body temperature can signify imminent parturition.
- Progesterone levels above 5 ng/mL are relevant later in pregnancy.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Explore the key stages of a dog's estrous cycle, including anoestrus, pro-oestrus, oestrus, and meta/dioestrus. Understand the average gestation period and important signs of when to get involved during the birthing process. This quiz will help solidify your knowledge on canine reproduction.