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Onset of puberty occurs at 6 – 23 months with an average of 10-14 months. The bitch is non-seasonally ______
monoestrous
The most common cause of infertility in the bitch is inappropriately timed ______
breeding
The interestrous interval is 4 – 13 months with an average of 7 months. Stage of the canine estrous cycle are; proestrus, estrus, diestrus and ______
anestrus
Proestrus Duration; lasts for 3 – 17 days, with an average of 9 days. Behaviour; this stage is characterized by attraction of male dogs to the bitch. She does not allow the male to ______
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Physical changes; the vulva is swollen, and a serosanguinous valvar discharge, originating from the uterus, typically is ______
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Vaginoscopic examination; reveals a moist, pink, and oedematous vagina. The vaginal lumen often is difficult to ______
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At the end of proestrus more than 80% of epithelial cells are cornified superficial cells, RBCs may still present, fewer neutrophil are present compared with early proestrus. 2. Estrus Duration; duration 3 – 21 days with average 9 days, ovulation occur 2 day after starting ______.
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Behaviours; characterized by the bitch allowing the male to mount and stand to be ______.
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Physical changes; the vulva flaccid, and the valvar discharge often is straw colored. However, some normal bitches may continue to have a blood tinged discharge throughout ______.
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Vaginoscopic examination; crenulated vagina with more prominent ______.
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The mucosa may be hyperemic but often is ______.
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Vaginal cytology; greater than 90% cornified superficial epithelial cells. RBCs are fewer in number, a neutrophils are not ______.
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Diestrus or Metestrus; Duration; lasts 56-58 days from ovulation in pregnant bitch, while in pregnant bitch extend to 90 days and divided into ( metestrus I and metestrus II) Behaviours; the bitch will no longer stand to be ______.
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Physical changes; the vulva is no longer ______.
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Vaginoscopic examination; reveals the mucosa to be pale, with no crenulation ______.
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Anestrus; Duration; lasts for 2-9 months. Behaviours; Sexual ______.
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