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Questions and Answers
What part of the tooth is covered by enamel and remains mostly consistent throughout its life?
What part of the tooth is covered by enamel and remains mostly consistent throughout its life?
Which type of tooth has a horizontal cutting end referred to as the incisal ridge?
Which type of tooth has a horizontal cutting end referred to as the incisal ridge?
Under which condition would the clinical crown appear longer than the anatomical crown?
Under which condition would the clinical crown appear longer than the anatomical crown?
What is the total number of permanent teeth in a dog according to the provided dental formula?
What is the total number of permanent teeth in a dog according to the provided dental formula?
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Which part of the tooth is visible in the oral cavity and can vary in length due to gingiva level?
Which part of the tooth is visible in the oral cavity and can vary in length due to gingiva level?
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How many premolars are present in each quadrant of the mouth?
How many premolars are present in each quadrant of the mouth?
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What is the position of the first molar in relation to the midline?
What is the position of the first molar in relation to the midline?
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Which of the following statements correctly describes canine teeth?
Which of the following statements correctly describes canine teeth?
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What defines molars in regard to their position in each quadrant?
What defines molars in regard to their position in each quadrant?
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Which type of teeth are classified as anterior teeth?
Which type of teeth are classified as anterior teeth?
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What distinguishes primary dentition from permanent dentition?
What distinguishes primary dentition from permanent dentition?
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At what age does primary dentition begin to erupt?
At what age does primary dentition begin to erupt?
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Which teeth are included in each quadrant of primary dentition?
Which teeth are included in each quadrant of primary dentition?
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What term describes the period when both primary and permanent teeth are present in the mouth?
What term describes the period when both primary and permanent teeth are present in the mouth?
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What is the primary function of shedding in primary dentition?
What is the primary function of shedding in primary dentition?
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What structure is covered by the parotid papilla in the cheek?
What structure is covered by the parotid papilla in the cheek?
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Which part of the mouth is characterized by the presence of two bilateral bulges beneath the tongue?
Which part of the mouth is characterized by the presence of two bilateral bulges beneath the tongue?
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What distinguishes the hard palate from the soft palate?
What distinguishes the hard palate from the soft palate?
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Which type of teeth is primarily responsible for cutting food?
Which type of teeth is primarily responsible for cutting food?
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What is the name of the smooth white line found on the inner lining of the cheeks?
What is the name of the smooth white line found on the inner lining of the cheeks?
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What distinguishes the anatomical root from the clinical root of a tooth?
What distinguishes the anatomical root from the clinical root of a tooth?
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Which part of the tooth is primarily responsible for attaching to the periodontal ligament?
Which part of the tooth is primarily responsible for attaching to the periodontal ligament?
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What is the role of enamel in tooth structure?
What is the role of enamel in tooth structure?
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How are multiple-rooted teeth classified based on the number of roots?
How are multiple-rooted teeth classified based on the number of roots?
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Where is the cemento-enamel junction located?
Where is the cemento-enamel junction located?
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How many total permanent teeth are present in humans?
How many total permanent teeth are present in humans?
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What is the number of molars present in a rat's dental formula?
What is the number of molars present in a rat's dental formula?
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Which of the following is a characteristic of the dental formula for rats?
Which of the following is a characteristic of the dental formula for rats?
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In the human dental formula, what does 'I' stand for?
In the human dental formula, what does 'I' stand for?
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What is the total number of teeth on one side of the upper and lower dental arches for humans?
What is the total number of teeth on one side of the upper and lower dental arches for humans?
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What is the area called where the upper and lower lips meet?
What is the area called where the upper and lower lips meet?
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Which groove runs horizontally under the lower lip?
Which groove runs horizontally under the lower lip?
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What tissue surrounds the cervical portion of the teeth?
What tissue surrounds the cervical portion of the teeth?
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What anatomical structure is indicated by the term 'nasolabial groove'?
What anatomical structure is indicated by the term 'nasolabial groove'?
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Which structure is NOT part of the oral cavity as described?
Which structure is NOT part of the oral cavity as described?
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What is the total number of permanent teeth in a human, including both maxillary and mandibular jaws?
What is the total number of permanent teeth in a human, including both maxillary and mandibular jaws?
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Which teeth succeed the deciduous molars in permanent dentition?
Which teeth succeed the deciduous molars in permanent dentition?
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What distinguishes non-succedaneous teeth from succedaneous teeth in the permanent dentition?
What distinguishes non-succedaneous teeth from succedaneous teeth in the permanent dentition?
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In a quadrant of adult dentition, how many incisors are present?
In a quadrant of adult dentition, how many incisors are present?
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Which component of the dental formula represents the teeth on one side of the mouth?
Which component of the dental formula represents the teeth on one side of the mouth?
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What does the pulp chamber primarily contain?
What does the pulp chamber primarily contain?
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What anatomical feature is formed by the pulp chamber extending into the crown?
What anatomical feature is formed by the pulp chamber extending into the crown?
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Where does the root canal terminate?
Where does the root canal terminate?
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What is true about accessory canals in root canals?
What is true about accessory canals in root canals?
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How does the shape of the root canal typically compare to the root of the tooth?
How does the shape of the root canal typically compare to the root of the tooth?
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What are the teeth located in the upper arch called?
What are the teeth located in the upper arch called?
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How many quadrants are there in the dental arches of the human mouth?
How many quadrants are there in the dental arches of the human mouth?
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Which type of teeth are the two front teeth in each quadrant?
Which type of teeth are the two front teeth in each quadrant?
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What is the term used for the midline that divides each dental arch into halves?
What is the term used for the midline that divides each dental arch into halves?
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In the context of human teeth, which quadrant would contain the upper right incisors?
In the context of human teeth, which quadrant would contain the upper right incisors?
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Study Notes
Dog Dental Formula
- Incisors: 3 deciduous, 1 permanent on top, 3 deciduous, 3 permanent on bottom
- Canines: 1 deciduous, 1 permanent on top, 1 deciduous, 1 permanent on bottom
- Premolars: 3 deciduous, 3 permanent on top, 3 deciduous, 4 permanent on bottom
- Molars: 0 deciduous, 2 permanent on top, 3 deciduous, 3 permanent on bottom
- Total deciduous teeth: 14
- Total permanent teeth: 21
Tooth Anatomy
- Each tooth has a crown, root, and neck
-
Crown: The visible part of the tooth, covered in enamel
- Ends in different ways depending on the type of tooth:
- Incisor: horizontal cutting edge called incisal ridge
- Canine, premolar, molar: tapered, sharply pointed end called cusp
- Ends in different ways depending on the type of tooth:
-
Root: The part of the tooth below the gum line, covered by cementum
- Single rooted or multiple rooted; can be bifucation (2 roots) or trifurcation (3 roots)
-
Neck: Junction between the crown and root
- Cervical border where enamel and cementum meet (cemento-enamel junction, CEJ)
### Tooth Micro-anatomy
- Enamel: Hardest tissue in the body, covers the crown
- Cementum: Dull yellow tissue covering the root, helps attach the periodontal ligament
- Dentin: Yellowish hard tissue located under the enamel and cementum
- Pulp: Soft tissue inside the tooth, contains blood vessels, lymph vessels, and nerves
Oral Structures
-
Lips: Upper and lower lips meet at the commissure
- Nasolabial groove: Runs diagonally downward from the nostril to the corner of the lip
- Labiomental groove: Runs horizontally under the lower lip
- Gingiva: Masticatory tissue surrounding the cervical portion of the teeth, firmly attached to teeth and bone
-
Cheek: Inner lining is smooth, has a white line (linea alba buccalis) where teeth meet
- Parotid papilla: Round elevation of tissue on the cheek, covers the parotid duct (Stensen's duct)
- Tongue: Broad, flat organ made of muscle fibers and glands, responsible for manipulating food during chewing; primary organ for taste
- Floor of the Mouth: Shiny, may have visible blood vessels, two bilateral bulges due to large salivary glands
-
Roof of the Mouth (Palate):
- Hard palate: Front portion
- Soft palate: Posterior portion, sometimes reddish
- Vibrating line: Junction of hard and soft palates
- Uvula: Small, fleshy structure hanging from the soft palate
Teeth
- Two arches: maxillary (upper) and mandibular (lower)
- Four quadrants: maxillary right, mandibular right, maxillary left, mandibular left
- Types of teeth:
-
Incisors: Two front teeth in each quadrant
- Central incisor: First tooth next to midline
- Lateral incisor: Second tooth
- Canines: One canine in each quadrant, third tooth from the midline
-
Premolars (bicuspids): Two premolars in each quadrant
- First premolar: Fourth tooth from the midline
- Second premolar: Fifth tooth from the midline
-
Molars: Three molars in each quadrant
- First molar: Sixth tooth from the midline
- Second molar: Seventh tooth from the midline
- Third molar: Eighth tooth from the midline
-
Incisors: Two front teeth in each quadrant
Dentitions
-
Deciduous (primary) dentition: Exfoliates/shed
- Begins around 6 months, ends at 6 years
- Eruption begins at 6 months (lower central incisor), ends at 2 years (upper second deciduous molar)
- Called milk teeth, baby teeth, or temporary teeth
- 20 teeth total: 10 maxillary, 10 mandibular (5 in each quadrant)
- Two incisors
- One canine
- Two molars
-
Mixed dentition: Period when permanent and deciduous teeth coexist
- Starts with eruption of the first permanent molar (around 6 years), ends around 12
- Deciduous teeth are shed, permanent erupt into their place
-
Permanent dentition: Adult teeth, begins around 12 years, lasts throughout life
- 32 teeth total: 16 maxillary, 16 mandibular (8 in each quadrant)
- Two incisors
- One canine
- Two premolars
- Three molars
- 32 teeth total: 16 maxillary, 16 mandibular (8 in each quadrant)
-
Important Considerations:
- Permanent premolars replace deciduous molars
- Permanent molars are not preceded by deciduous teeth (non-succedaneous)
- There are 12 more permanent teeth than deciduous teeth (3 molars per quadrant)
Dental Formula
- Expresses type and number of teeth in one side of the mouth
- Human deciduous tooth formula: 2/2 | 1/1 | 0/0 | 2/2 | = 10
- Human permanent tooth formula: 2 | 1 | 2 | 3 | = 16
- I: Incisors
- C: Canines
- PM: Premolars
- M: Molars
Rat Dental Formula
- 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 | = 8
- Only permanent teeth
Pulp Cavity
- Divided into pulp chamber and root canal
-
Pulp chamber: Widened portion of the pulp located in the center of the crown
- Extends into cusps or mamelons, forming pulp horns
-
Root canal: Located within the tooth root
- Terminates at the apical foramen, where neurovascular bundles enter
- Shape mirrors that of the root
- May have accessory canals or multiple canals with separate foramina
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Description
This quiz covers the dental formula of dogs, detailing both deciduous and permanent teeth. It also explores the anatomy of teeth, including the crown, root, and neck. Test your knowledge on canine tooth structures and their functions.
