Does Alex's Self-Esteem Impact Their Warm and Extraverted Behavior?

Encoding and decoding.

Vestiges of once useful reactions.

There are 6 universal emotions.

<p>There may be more than 6 universal emotions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A facial expression in which one part of the face registers one emotion while another part registers a different emotion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Culturally determined rules about which emotional expressions are appropriate to show.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Social perception is the study of how we form impressions of other people and make inferences about them based on observable behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Some examples of non-verbal communication include facial expressions, tone of voice, gestures, body position and movement, use of touch, and eye gaze.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The fundamental attribution error is the tendency to overestimate the influence of internal factors and underestimate the influence of situational factors when explaining the behavior of others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Automatic processing in social perception refers to fast, nonconscious, and often involuntary responses, while controlled processing is a more deliberate and conscious cognitive process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>We form first impressions of others based on observable behavior and make inferences about their traits and characteristics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Non-human animals also have social perception and can engage in behaviors that involve communication and perception of others, such as dogs displaying 'play bows'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The fundamental attribution error is the tendency to attribute other people's behavior to internal or dispositional factors, while underestimating the role of situational factors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Perceptual salience refers to the information that is the focus of people's attention, leading to an overestimation of its causal role and a neglect of situational influences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The actor/observer difference is the tendency to attribute other people's behavior to dispositional factors, while focusing more on situational factors when explaining one's own behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Self-serving attributions refer to the tendency to attribute one's successes to internal factors and blame failures on external situational factors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Defensive attributions are explanations for behavior that are used to avoid feelings of vulnerability and mortality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Collectivist cultures are less susceptible to the fundamental attribution error due to their top-down knowledge and emphasis on group identity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Defensive attribution is the tendency to attribute negative events or outcomes to external factors in order to protect one's self-esteem. An example from the text is the belief in a just world, where people assume that bad things happen to bad people and good things happen to good people.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In the study conducted by Lerner and Simmons, participants observed a learner being shocked. Some participants were going to view another session, while others had the opportunity to vote about switching to a reward session. The findings showed that participants in the viewing condition were more likely to blame the victim and vote for compensation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The bias blind spot refers to the tendency to believe that other people are more susceptible to attributional biases than we are.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Two examples mentioned in the text are victims of disease and victims of rape/sexual assault.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The concept of a just world belief is the belief that good things happen to good people and bad things happen to bad people. It is a form of defensive attribution where individuals assume that the world operates in a fair and just manner.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The purpose of defensive attributions is to protect one's self-esteem and maintain a sense of control and stability in the face of negative events or outcomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Implicit personality theories are the beliefs and assumptions that individuals hold about how certain traits or characteristics are related to each other.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Implicit personality theories are tied to culture, meaning that cultural factors can shape the specific traits or characteristics that individuals associate with each other.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Attribution theory is the study of how people explain the causes of their own and other people's behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The two types of attributions are internal attributions, which refer to inferring that a person's behavior is due to something about their attitude, character, or personality, and external attributions, which refer to inferring that a person's behavior is due to something about the situation they are in.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The covariation model is a theory stating that to form an attribution about what caused a person's behavior, we systematically note the pattern between the presence (or absence) of possible causal factors and whether or not the behavior occurs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The fundamental attribution error is the tendency to overestimate the extent to which people's behavior is due to personality traits and to underestimate the role of situational factors.</p> Signup and view all the answers