Does Alex's Self-Esteem Impact Their Warm and Extraverted Behavior?
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Questions and Answers

Name two main processes for using facial expressions.

Encoding and decoding.

According to Charles Darwin, what are facial expressions?

Vestiges of once useful reactions.

What did Ekman and Friesen's research with the South Fore people conclude?

There are 6 universal emotions.

What did Cordaro et al's research suggest about universal emotions?

<p>There may be more than 6 universal emotions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is affect blend?

<p>A facial expression in which one part of the face registers one emotion while another part registers a different emotion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are display rules in nonverbal communication?

<p>Culturally determined rules about which emotional expressions are appropriate to show.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define social perception.

<p>Social perception is the study of how we form impressions of other people and make inferences about them based on observable behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some examples of non-verbal communication?

<p>Some examples of non-verbal communication include facial expressions, tone of voice, gestures, body position and movement, use of touch, and eye gaze.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the fundamental attribution error?

<p>The fundamental attribution error is the tendency to overestimate the influence of internal factors and underestimate the influence of situational factors when explaining the behavior of others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between automatic and controlled processing in social perception?

<p>Automatic processing in social perception refers to fast, nonconscious, and often involuntary responses, while controlled processing is a more deliberate and conscious cognitive process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do we form first impressions of others?

<p>We form first impressions of others based on observable behavior and make inferences about their traits and characteristics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of non-human animals in social perception?

<p>Non-human animals also have social perception and can engage in behaviors that involve communication and perception of others, such as dogs displaying 'play bows'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the fundamental attribution error?

<p>The fundamental attribution error is the tendency to attribute other people's behavior to internal or dispositional factors, while underestimating the role of situational factors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is perceptual salience?

<p>Perceptual salience refers to the information that is the focus of people's attention, leading to an overestimation of its causal role and a neglect of situational influences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the actor/observer difference?

<p>The actor/observer difference is the tendency to attribute other people's behavior to dispositional factors, while focusing more on situational factors when explaining one's own behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are self-serving attributions?

<p>Self-serving attributions refer to the tendency to attribute one's successes to internal factors and blame failures on external situational factors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are defensive attributions?

<p>Defensive attributions are explanations for behavior that are used to avoid feelings of vulnerability and mortality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of culture in the fundamental attribution error?

<p>Collectivist cultures are less susceptible to the fundamental attribution error due to their top-down knowledge and emphasis on group identity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define defensive attribution and provide an example from the text.

<p>Defensive attribution is the tendency to attribute negative events or outcomes to external factors in order to protect one's self-esteem. An example from the text is the belief in a just world, where people assume that bad things happen to bad people and good things happen to good people.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the study conducted by Lerner and Simmons in 1966 and explain its findings.

<p>In the study conducted by Lerner and Simmons, participants observed a learner being shocked. Some participants were going to view another session, while others had the opportunity to vote about switching to a reward session. The findings showed that participants in the viewing condition were more likely to blame the victim and vote for compensation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the bias blind spot?

<p>The bias blind spot refers to the tendency to believe that other people are more susceptible to attributional biases than we are.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Give two examples of situations mentioned in the text where defensive attributions might occur.

<p>Two examples mentioned in the text are victims of disease and victims of rape/sexual assault.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the concept of a just world belief.

<p>The concept of a just world belief is the belief that good things happen to good people and bad things happen to bad people. It is a form of defensive attribution where individuals assume that the world operates in a fair and just manner.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of defensive attributions?

<p>The purpose of defensive attributions is to protect one's self-esteem and maintain a sense of control and stability in the face of negative events or outcomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are implicit personality theories?

<p>Implicit personality theories are the beliefs and assumptions that individuals hold about how certain traits or characteristics are related to each other.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are implicit personality theories influenced by culture?

<p>Implicit personality theories are tied to culture, meaning that cultural factors can shape the specific traits or characteristics that individuals associate with each other.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is attribution theory?

<p>Attribution theory is the study of how people explain the causes of their own and other people's behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of attributions?

<p>The two types of attributions are internal attributions, which refer to inferring that a person's behavior is due to something about their attitude, character, or personality, and external attributions, which refer to inferring that a person's behavior is due to something about the situation they are in.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the covariation model?

<p>The covariation model is a theory stating that to form an attribution about what caused a person's behavior, we systematically note the pattern between the presence (or absence) of possible causal factors and whether or not the behavior occurs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the fundamental attribution error?

<p>The fundamental attribution error is the tendency to overestimate the extent to which people's behavior is due to personality traits and to underestimate the role of situational factors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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