Questions and Answers
What is transcription?
What does mRNA stand for?
messenger RNA
What type of RNA makes up the major part of ribosomes?
rRNA
What is the function of ribosomes?
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What is translation?
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What does tRNA stand for?
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What is Uracil?
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What does the Central Dogma state?
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What is a codon?
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What is an anti-codon?
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What are amino acids?
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What is a polypeptide?
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What is a protein?
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What does RNA stand for?
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What does DNA stand for?
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What is Methionine also known as?
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Study Notes
DNA Transcription & Translation
- Transcription: The process of copying a gene's DNA sequence into messenger RNA (mRNA).
- mRNA (messenger RNA): A single-stranded RNA that encodes genetic information essential for protein synthesis.
- rRNA (ribosomal RNA): A key component of ribosomes, essential for the synthesis of proteins.
- Ribosome: Cellular structures where protein synthesis occurs, translating mRNA sequences into amino acid chains.
- Translation: The process in which mRNA directs the synthesis of a specific protein at the ribosome.
- tRNA (transfer RNA): RNA that transfers and delivers specific amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis.
- Uracil: A nitrogenous base exclusive to RNA, pairing with adenine, unlike thymine found in DNA.
- Central Dogma: The principle that genetic information flows from DNA to RNA and then to proteins, defining the pathway of genetic expression.
- Codon: A sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid for protein synthesis.
- Anti-codon: A set of three bases on tRNA that pairs with the complementary codon on mRNA, ensuring the correct amino acid is added.
- Amino Acids: The basic building blocks of proteins, linked together to form polypeptides.
- Polypeptide: A long chain of amino acids formed through peptide bonds, which fold into functional proteins.
- Protein: A complex polymer made from sequences of amino acids, performing numerous biological functions.
- RNA: A single-stranded nucleic acid containing ribose sugar, vital for protein synthesis and genetic coding.
- DNA: A complex molecule containing genetic instructions found within chromosomes, serving as the hereditary material.
- Methionine: The amino acid represented by the start codon (AUG), marking the beginning of protein synthesis.
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Description
Test your understanding of the essential processes of DNA transcription and translation. This quiz covers topics including mRNA, tRNA, ribosomes, and the central dogma of molecular biology. Challenge yourself with questions about how genetic information is expressed in proteins.
