2M03 Chapter 10
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Questions and Answers

Which term refers to the collective body of genetic information in an organism?

  • Hereditary factors
  • Chromosomes
  • DNA
  • Genome (correct)

    • What did Mendel establish based on his studies of pea plants?

  • The structure of DNA
  • The laws of inheritance (correct)
  • The concept of genes
  • The nature of chromosomes

    • What are the units of inheritance called?

  • DNA
  • Genes (correct)
  • Hereditary factors
  • Chromosomes

    • How many forms of a gene called alleles control each trait?

    <p>Two</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when alleles controlling a trait are nonidentical?

    <p>The dominant allele masks the recessive allele</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many alleles for each trait are inherited, one from each parent?

    <p>Two</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the separation (segregation) of pairs of genes during gamete formation?

    <p>Independent assortment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzymes change the level of DNA supercoiling?

    <p>Both Type I and Type II topoisomerases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the rate of renaturation of DNA from bacteria and viruses dependent on?

    <p>The size of their genome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of total DNA do highly repeated DNA sequences represent?

    <p>1-10%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are satellite DNAs?

    <p>Short sequences that tend to evolve very rapidly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are SINEs and LINEs?

    <p>Repeated DNA sequences that lack coding functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of diseases result from expansion of trinucleotide repeats?

    <p>Both Type I and Type II diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes polyploidization in offspring?

    <p>Both hybrids from closely related parents and duplicate chromosomes not separated in embryonic cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about chromosomes?

    <p>Chromosomes are the carriers of genetic information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about genes on the same chromosome is correct?

    <p>Genes on the same chromosome are part of the same linkage group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did studies with Drosophila confirm?

    <p>Genes reside on chromosomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of crossing over and recombination?

    <p>The frequency of recombination indicates distance between genes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is true about exposure to X-rays?

    <p>Exposure to X-rays increases the rate of spontaneous mutations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical structure of DNA?

    <p>DNA consists of a phosphate, a sugar, and either a pyrimidine or purine nitrogenous base.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is true about the DNA molecule?

    <p>The DNA molecule is held together by covalent bonds between each base.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the evolution of globin genes?

    <p>Ancestral forms have given rise to recent forms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are transposable elements?

    <p>Genes capable of moving within a chromosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do retrotransposons replicate their genome?

    <p>By using an RNA intermediate which produces a complementary DNA via reverse transcriptase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the possible evolutionary roles of transposable elements?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many genes are estimated to be present in the human genome?

    <p>About 20,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used for segments of the genome that can change and involve large segments of the DNA?

    <p>Structural variants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common type of variability among humans at the DNA level?

    <p>Single nucleotide polymorphisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the gene FOXP2 known as?

    <p>The speech gene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the gene AMY1?

    <p>Enzyme amylase production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is responsible for changing the level of DNA supercoiling?

    <p>Topoisomerase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used for the ability of DNA to separate into two strands?

    <p>Denaturation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of DNA sequences represents about 1-10% of total DNA and tends to evolve rapidly?

    <p>Satellite DNAs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of repeated DNA sequences includes genes that code for ribosomal RNA and histones?

    <p>Moderately repeated DNA sequences with coding functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used for the duplication of a portion of a single chromosome?

    <p>Gene duplication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of diseases result from the expansion of trinucleotide repeats?

    <p>Neurodegenerative disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used for the process in which offspring receive more than two sets of chromosomes from their parents?

    <p>Polyploidization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about homologous chromosomes?

    <p>They are present as pairs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Morgan use as a primary tool for genetic research?

    <p>Fruit flies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of recombination between a pair of genes?

    <p>Constant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of polytene chromosomes in Drosophila?

    <p>To observe specific bands correlated with individual genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure of a nucleotide in DNA?

    <p>Phosphate, sugar, and either a pyrimidine or purine base</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Chargaff establish about the base composition of DNA?

    <p>Number of adenine = number of thymine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What holds the two DNA chains together in a double helix?

    <p>Hydrogen bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about transposable elements?

    <p>Transposable elements are capable of moving within a chromosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used for the duplication of genes?

    <p>Duplication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the gene FOXP2?

    <p>It is involved in speech</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common type of DNA sequence variability among humans?

    <p>Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used for large changes in segments of the genome?

    <p>Structural variants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used for DNA sequences that resemble functional genes but are nonfunctional?

    <p>Pseudogenes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used for the collective body of genetic information in an organism?

    <p>Genome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is true about the gene AMY1?

    <p>It encodes the enzyme amylase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used for the movement of transposable elements within a chromosome?

    <p>Transposition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used for the units of inheritance called?

    <p>Genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Mendel establish based on his studies of pea plants?

    <p>The laws of inheritance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used for the duplication of genes?

    <p>Duplication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used for the collective body of genetic information in an organism?

    <p>Genome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used for segments of the genome that can change and involve large segments of the DNA?

    <p>Transposable elements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used for the ability of DNA to separate into two strands?

    <p>Denaturation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used for the movement of transposable elements within a chromosome?

    <p>Transposition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about genes on chromosomes?

    <p>Genes are located on chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used for the separation (segregation) of pairs of genes during gamete formation?

    <p>Segregation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Mendel establish based on his studies of pea plants?

    <p>The laws of inheritance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the collective body of genetic information in an organism?

    <p>Genome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is true about exposure to X-rays?

    <p>Exposure to X-rays can cause mutations in genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical structure of DNA?

    <p>Double-stranded helix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of crossing over and recombination?

    <p>They create new combinations of alleles</p> Signup and view all the answers

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