DNA Structure Overview
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Questions and Answers

Why is DNA replication necessary?

  • To show the specific order that bases occur in a chromosome
  • To produce different arrangements of nucleotides in living organisms
  • To ensure both new cells will have the correct DNA (correct)
  • To provide the key to genetic diversity among living organisms

When does DNA replication occur?

  • During the S phase of interphase (correct)
  • During the G1 phase of interphase
  • During the G2 phase of interphase
  • During the M phase of interphase

What is the role of DNA in providing genetic diversity among living organisms?

  • Creating different arrangements of nucleotides (correct)
  • Producing two identical complementary strands in DNA replication
  • Ensuring the specific order of bases in a chromosome
  • Serving as a template for protein structure

Which rule governs the base pairing in DNA replication?

<p>Chargaff's rule: A=T, C=G (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does DNA replication work?

<p>By unzipping DNA and joining complementary nucleotides to each original strand (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who proposed that DNA controlled cell function by serving as a template for protein structure?

<p>Francis Crick (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the monomers of DNA?

<p>Nucleotides, comprising phosphate, sugar, and nitrogen base (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Chargaff's Rules, what is the percentage of Guanine (G) when Adenine (A) is 20%?

<p>40% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nitrogen base always bonds with Thymine in DNA?

<p>Adenine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What provides diversity among living organisms based on DNA?

<p>Nucleotide arrangement in DNA (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who, along with Maurice Wilkins, produced X-ray diffraction images of DNA leading to the discovery of the Double Helix structure?

<p>Rosalind Franklin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which scientists used Rosalind Franklin's X-ray data to describe the DNA structure as a Double Helix?

<p>Maurice Wilkins and Watson &amp; Crick (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is DNA transcription necessary?

<p>To carry the code for proteins to ribosomes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of a triplet or codon in genetics?

<p>To encode a specific amino acid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In DNA translation, what is the role of messenger RNA (mRNA)?

<p>To assemble amino acids into proteins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key difference between DNA and RNA in terms of their sugar composition?

<p>DNA has deoxyribose, while RNA has ribose (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does RNA polymerase contribute to the process of transcription?

<p>It binds to DNA, separates the strands, and assembles mRNA (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of transcription and translation in protein synthesis?

<p>To ensure proper amino acid sequence in proteins (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Why is DNA replication needed?

Ensures new cells get correct DNA.

When does DNA replication occur?

During the S phase of interphase.

DNA role in genetic diversity?

Creating different nucleotide arrangements.

Rule for base pairing in DNA?

A=T, C=G (Adenine=Thymine, Cytosine=Guanine)

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How does DNA replication work?

Unzipping DNA and adding complementary nucleotides.

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Crick's proposal about DNA?

DNA is a template for protein structure.

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What are DNA's monomers?

Phosphate, sugar, and nitrogen base.

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Guanine % when Adenine is 20%?

30%

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Which base bonds with Thymine?

Adenine

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What provides DNA diversity?

Nucleotide arrangement in DNA.

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Who produced DNA X-ray images?

Rosalind Franklin

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Who described DNA as a double helix?

Maurice Wilkins and Watson & Crick

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Why is DNA transcription needed?

To carry protein codes to ribosomes.

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Main function of a codon?

Encodes a specific amino acid.

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mRNA role in DNA translation?

Assembles amino acids into proteins.

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DNA vs. RNA sugar?

DNA has deoxyribose, RNA has ribose.

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How does RNA polymerase help?

Binds to DNA, separates strands, assembles mRNA.

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Role of transcription/translation?

Ensures correct amino acid sequence in proteins.

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