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DNA Structure and Organisation

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Questions and Answers

Approximately how much DNA is present in an entire human body?

$2 \times 10^{12}$ km

$10^{11}$ km

$10^{12}$ km

$2 \times 10^{11}$ km (correct)

What is the primary purpose of DNA supercoiling in cells?

To fit DNA into the nucleus

To allow for DNA replication and transcription (correct)

To increase the melting point of DNA

To increase the stability of DNA

What is the term for the coiling of a coil in DNA?

Supercoiling (correct)

Strand separation

Underwinding

Overwinding

What happens to the DNA axis when it is underwound?

It becomes more strained Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of topoisomerases in DNA supercoiling?

To maintain the underwound state of DNA Signup and view all the answers

What is the charge of DNA?

Negative Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the negative charge of the phosphate-sugar backbone in DNA?

The presence of negatively charged phosphate groups Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of DNA wrapping around a histone core?

DNA underwinding and negative supercoil Signup and view all the answers

How much is DNA compacted in eukaryotic cells?

Approximately 10,000-fold Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure formed by the compaction of nucleosomes?

Chromatin fiber Signup and view all the answers

During which stage of the cell cycle is DNA most highly condensed?

Metaphase Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the organization of DNA and associated proteins in eukaryotic cells?

Chromatin Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical size range of a prokaryotic cell?

1-10 µm Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cell usually has a single chromosome and one or more plasmids?

Prokaryotic cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical range of base pairs in a prokaryotic cell's DNA?

10^6-10^7 bp Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the compact, coiled structure of DNA in prokaryotic cells?

Supercoiling Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cell typically has linear chromosomes?

Eukaryotic cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the bead-like structure formed by DNA wrapping around histone proteins?

Nucleosome Signup and view all the answers