Podcast
Questions and Answers
What percentage of chromatin is made up of DNA?
What percentage of chromatin is made up of DNA?
Which component is not a part of a nucleotide?
Which component is not a part of a nucleotide?
How many hydrogen bonds connect Adenine (A) and Thymine (T)?
How many hydrogen bonds connect Adenine (A) and Thymine (T)?
What structural unit is formed when DNA winds around histone proteins?
What structural unit is formed when DNA winds around histone proteins?
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Approximately how many nucleosomes are present in a single human chromosome?
Approximately how many nucleosomes are present in a single human chromosome?
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During which stage of cell division do chromatin fibers condense into chromosomes?
During which stage of cell division do chromatin fibers condense into chromosomes?
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Which nitrogenous base pairs with Cytosine (C)?
Which nitrogenous base pairs with Cytosine (C)?
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Which sequence is not correctly matched between the strands of DNA?
Which sequence is not correctly matched between the strands of DNA?
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Study Notes
Chromatin
- Chromatin composed of DNA (40%) and histone proteins (60%)
- Histones package and coil DNA into structural units called nucleosomes
Molecular Structure of DNA
- DNA is a macromolecule with a double helical structure
- Composed of two complementary strands wound around each other
- Each strand consists of repeating nucleotides (phosphate, sugar, and nitrogenous base)
- Four types of nitrogenous bases: Adenine (A), Guanine (G), Cytosine (C), and Thymine (T)
- Base pairing: A-T (two hydrogen bonds) and G-C (three hydrogen bonds)
Histones and Nucleosomes
- Histone proteins serve to package and coil DNA into nucleosomes
- A DNA strand winds around a core of eight histone proteins (histone octamer)
- A nucleosome consists of a histone octamer and a DNA strand
- One human chromosome has approximately a million nucleosomes
Cell Division
- Chromatin fibers condense into chromosomes during prophase stage
- Chromosomes are compact structures formed during cell division
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Description
This quiz covers the molecular structure of DNA, chromatin composition, and the components of DNA strands. Test your knowledge of cell biology fundamentals!
