15 Questions
What is the main difference between the structure of DNA in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
Prokaryotic DNA is circular, whereas eukaryotic DNA is linear.
Where is the DNA found in prokaryotic cells, and what is it associated with?
The DNA is found in the cytoplasm (nucleoid) and is not associated with histones.
What is unique about the genes found in eukaryotic DNA compared to prokaryotic DNA?
Eukaryotic genes contain introns.
How do the DNA molecules of mitochondria and chloroplasts compare to prokaryotic DNA?
Mitochondrial DNA and chloroplast DNA are both double-stranded, circular molecules with no introns, similar to prokaryotic DNA.
What is the function of the DNA found in mitochondria and chloroplasts?
The DNA in mitochondria and chloroplasts produces proteins required for their function.
What distinguishes proteins from polypeptides?
Proteins are the functional unit, made up of one or more polypeptides, whereas polypeptides are linear molecules made up of multiple peptides.
What are the building blocks of proteins?
Amino acids
What are essential amino acids?
Amino acids that must be obtained from food
What is the role of tRNA in protein synthesis?
Transfers specific amino acids to the ribosome during polypeptide formation
What is the process of converting mRNA sequence into a specific sequence of amino acids?
Translation
What is the process of making a complimentary copy of a gene (DNA)?
Transcription
What is the function of mRNA?
Carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis
How many essential amino acids are there?
9
What determines the function of a protein?
The sequence and folding of amino acid chains
What is the role of ribosomes in protein synthesis?
Translation of mRNA sequence into a specific sequence of amino acids
Compare and contrast the structure and characteristics of DNA in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, including the presence of histones, introns, and location in the cell. Learn about the unique features of mitochondrial DNA as well.
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