DNA Structure and Function Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What describes chromatin in a non-dividing cell?

  • Made only of RNA
  • Visible during cell division
  • Highly coiled and compact
  • Less coiled and long (correct)

Which enzyme is responsible for adding nucleotides during DNA replication?

  • Primase
  • RNA Polymerase
  • DNA Polymerase (correct)
  • Helicase

What is the status of chromosomes during cell division?

  • Non-visible in the nucleus
  • Formed exclusively of RNA
  • Uncoiled and dispersed
  • Compacted and visible (correct)

What is the result of DNA replication?

<p>One old strand and one new strand (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is DNA replication important for cells?

<p>To provide a full set of DNA for new body cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the building blocks of DNA called?

<p>Nucleotides (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nitrogen bases pair together in DNA?

<p>Guanine and Cytosine (B), Adenine and Thymine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the sequence of nitrogen bases in DNA contribute to an organism's characteristics?

<p>It dictates the order of amino acids in proteins. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of proteins made from genes in cells?

<p>They perform various functions within the cell. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of structure does DNA form?

<p>Double helix (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must happen to DNA before mitosis?

<p>It must be copied. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are histones and their role in DNA packaging?

<p>They are proteins around which DNA is wrapped. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What information do genes carry?

<p>Information to make a protein (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Phosphates and sugars are the backbones to the double helix.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Flashcards

Chromatin

Long and thin form of DNA in a non-dividing cell, less coiled, easily accessible for protein synthesis.

Chromosomes

Compact, coiled form of DNA found in a dividing cell, visible under a microscope, helps prevent tangling of DNA during cell division.

DNA Replication

The process of creating an exact copy of a DNA molecule.

Helicase

An enzyme that breaks the hydrogen bonds between complementary base pairs in DNA.

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DNA Polymerase

An enzyme that adds complementary nucleotides to the exposed bases of a DNA strand during replication.

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Nucleotide

The building block of DNA, consisting of a deoxyribose sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

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Nitrogenous Bases

Four types of nitrogenous bases in DNA: adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), and cytosine (C).

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Base Pairing

The specific pairing of nitrogenous bases in DNA: adenine always bonds with thymine (A-T) and cytosine always bonds with guanine (C-G).

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Double Helix

The double-helix structure of DNA, resembling a twisted ladder with the sugar-phosphate backbone forming the sides and the nitrogenous bases forming the rungs.

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Gene

A segment of DNA that contains the instructions for building a specific protein.

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Histones

Proteins that DNA wraps around in eukaryotic cells to compact and organize the long DNA molecule.

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Protein Synthesis

The process by which DNA's genetic information is used to create proteins.

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Study Notes

DNA Structure

  • DNA is a deoxyribonucleic acid
  • Nucleotides are the building blocks of DNA
    • Deoxyribose sugar
    • Phosphate group
    • Nitrogenous base (adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine)
  • Nitrogenous bases pair up:
    • Adenine with Thymine
    • Guanine with Cytosine
  • Base pairs are held together by hydrogen bonds
  • DNA forms a double helix, a twisted ladder shape
  • The order and number of bases determine the unique characteristics of organisms

DNA Function

  • DNA stores hereditary information
  • Each gene in DNA provides instructions to make a protein
  • Proteins have various functions in cells (enzymes, transport, structural, etc.)

DNA Packaging

  • DNA in eukaryotic cells is long and thin and wrapped around proteins called histones
  • This complex is called chromatin
  • Chromatin condenses to form chromosomes during cell division
  • Chromosomes are visible in dividing cells and not in non-dividing cells

DNA Replication

  • Replication is the process of creating a copy of DNA
  • It's important for making new body cells during mitosis
  • Helicase breaks hydrogen bonds between base pairs, separating the strands
  • DNA polymerase adds complementary bases to each strand, creating two identical DNA molecules
  • Each new DNA molecule has one original strand and one newly synthesized strand

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Related Documents

DNA Notes - Cornell Style PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on the structure, function, and replication of DNA. This quiz covers the building blocks of DNA, base pairing, and the packaging of genetic material in cells. Perfect for biology students looking to reinforce their understanding of nucleic acids.

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