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Questions and Answers
What is the structure of DNA?
What is the structure of DNA?
DNA is a double-stranded helix, each long strand is made up of monomers called nucleotides. Each nucleotide has three parts: phosphate group, sugar, and a nitrogenous base.
What is the monomer or subunit of DNA called?
What is the monomer or subunit of DNA called?
Nucleotides
Describe the Base-Pairing Rule (Chargaff's Rule).
Describe the Base-Pairing Rule (Chargaff's Rule).
Adenine pairs with Thymine and Guanine pairs with Cytosine.
When following the base-pairing rule, the nitrogen bases are held together by what kind of weak bond?
When following the base-pairing rule, the nitrogen bases are held together by what kind of weak bond?
What is the backbone of a DNA molecule composed or made up of?
What is the backbone of a DNA molecule composed or made up of?
When does DNA replication occur?
When does DNA replication occur?
Why does DNA replication occur?
Why does DNA replication occur?
What are the end products of DNA replication?
What are the end products of DNA replication?
Define transcription.
Define transcription.
Where does transcription occur and why?
Where does transcription occur and why?
Define translation.
Define translation.
Where does translation occur and why?
Where does translation occur and why?
The end result of protein synthesis is a strand of _______, which are held together by ________.
The end result of protein synthesis is a strand of _______, which are held together by ________.
What is the structure of DNA?
What is the structure of DNA?
What is the monomer or subunit of DNA called?
What is the monomer or subunit of DNA called?
Describe the Base-Pairing Rule (Chargaff's Rule).
Describe the Base-Pairing Rule (Chargaff's Rule).
When following the base-pairing rule, the nitrogen bases are held together by what kind of weak bond?
When following the base-pairing rule, the nitrogen bases are held together by what kind of weak bond?
What is the backbone of a DNA molecule composed or made up of?
What is the backbone of a DNA molecule composed or made up of?
When does DNA replication occur?
When does DNA replication occur?
Why does DNA replication occur?
Why does DNA replication occur?
What are the enzymes involved in DNA replication?
What are the enzymes involved in DNA replication?
What are the end products of DNA replication?
What are the end products of DNA replication?
Define transcription.
Define transcription.
Where does transcription occur and why?
Where does transcription occur and why?
Define translation.
Define translation.
Where does translation occur and why?
Where does translation occur and why?
The end result of protein synthesis is a strand of ________, which are held together by ________.
The end result of protein synthesis is a strand of ________, which are held together by ________.
What is the structure of DNA?
What is the structure of DNA?
What is the monomer or subunit of DNA called?
What is the monomer or subunit of DNA called?
Describe the Base-Pairing Rule (Chargaff's Rule).
Describe the Base-Pairing Rule (Chargaff's Rule).
When following the base-pairing rule, the nitrogen bases are held together by what kind of weak bond?
When following the base-pairing rule, the nitrogen bases are held together by what kind of weak bond?
What is the backbone of a DNA molecule composed or made up of?
What is the backbone of a DNA molecule composed or made up of?
When does DNA replication occur?
When does DNA replication occur?
Why does DNA replication occur?
Why does DNA replication occur?
Name the enzymes involved in DNA replication and their roles.
Name the enzymes involved in DNA replication and their roles.
What are the end products of DNA replication?
What are the end products of DNA replication?
Define transcription.
Define transcription.
Where does transcription occur and why?
Where does transcription occur and why?
Define translation.
Define translation.
Where does translation occur and why?
Where does translation occur and why?
The end result of protein synthesis is a strand of ______, which are held together by ______.
The end result of protein synthesis is a strand of ______, which are held together by ______.
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Study Notes
Structure and Composition of DNA
- DNA has a double-stranded helical structure formed by nucleotides.
- Each nucleotide consists of a phosphate group, deoxyribose sugar, and one of four nitrogenous bases (adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine).
- The backbone of DNA is composed of alternating sugar and phosphate groups.
Base-Pairing and Bonding
- According to Chargaff's Rule, adenine pairs with thymine, while guanine pairs with cytosine.
- The nitrogen bases are interconnected by weak hydrogen bonds.
DNA Replication
- DNA replication occurs during the S-phase of interphase before cell division to ensure accurate DNA distribution to new cells.
- The process involves two main enzymes: helicase, which unzips the DNA, and DNA polymerase, which adds new nitrogen bases to complement the original strands.
- The end products of DNA replication are two identical DNA molecules.
Transcription and Translation
- Transcription is the process of synthesizing mRNA from a DNA template, occurring in the nucleus due to DNA’s inability to leave this compartment.
- Translation refers to using mRNA to construct proteins and occurs in the cytoplasm where mRNA interacts with ribosomes and tRNA.
- The result of protein synthesis is a chain of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds.
Codons and Mutations
- A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid.
- Mutations are changes in the DNA sequence that can alter codons and subsequently change the amino acids added during protein synthesis.
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