Questions and Answers
What is the structure of DNA?
DNA is a double-stranded helix, each long strand is made up of monomers called nucleotides. Each nucleotide has three parts: phosphate group, sugar, and a nitrogenous base.
What is the monomer or subunit of DNA called?
Nucleotides
Describe the Base-Pairing Rule (Chargaff's Rule).
Adenine pairs with Thymine and Guanine pairs with Cytosine.
When following the base-pairing rule, the nitrogen bases are held together by what kind of weak bond?
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What is the backbone of a DNA molecule composed or made up of?
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When does DNA replication occur?
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Why does DNA replication occur?
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What are the end products of DNA replication?
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Define transcription.
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Where does transcription occur and why?
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Define translation.
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Where does translation occur and why?
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The end result of protein synthesis is a strand of _______, which are held together by ________.
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What is the structure of DNA?
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What is the monomer or subunit of DNA called?
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Describe the Base-Pairing Rule (Chargaff's Rule).
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When following the base-pairing rule, the nitrogen bases are held together by what kind of weak bond?
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What is the backbone of a DNA molecule composed or made up of?
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When does DNA replication occur?
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Why does DNA replication occur?
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What are the enzymes involved in DNA replication?
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What are the end products of DNA replication?
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Define transcription.
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Where does transcription occur and why?
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Define translation.
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Where does translation occur and why?
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The end result of protein synthesis is a strand of ________, which are held together by ________.
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What is the structure of DNA?
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What is the monomer or subunit of DNA called?
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Describe the Base-Pairing Rule (Chargaff's Rule).
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When following the base-pairing rule, the nitrogen bases are held together by what kind of weak bond?
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What is the backbone of a DNA molecule composed or made up of?
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When does DNA replication occur?
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Why does DNA replication occur?
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Name the enzymes involved in DNA replication and their roles.
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What are the end products of DNA replication?
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Define transcription.
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Where does transcription occur and why?
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Define translation.
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Where does translation occur and why?
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The end result of protein synthesis is a strand of ______, which are held together by ______.
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Study Notes
Structure and Composition of DNA
- DNA has a double-stranded helical structure formed by nucleotides.
- Each nucleotide consists of a phosphate group, deoxyribose sugar, and one of four nitrogenous bases (adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine).
- The backbone of DNA is composed of alternating sugar and phosphate groups.
Base-Pairing and Bonding
- According to Chargaff's Rule, adenine pairs with thymine, while guanine pairs with cytosine.
- The nitrogen bases are interconnected by weak hydrogen bonds.
DNA Replication
- DNA replication occurs during the S-phase of interphase before cell division to ensure accurate DNA distribution to new cells.
- The process involves two main enzymes: helicase, which unzips the DNA, and DNA polymerase, which adds new nitrogen bases to complement the original strands.
- The end products of DNA replication are two identical DNA molecules.
Transcription and Translation
- Transcription is the process of synthesizing mRNA from a DNA template, occurring in the nucleus due to DNA’s inability to leave this compartment.
- Translation refers to using mRNA to construct proteins and occurs in the cytoplasm where mRNA interacts with ribosomes and tRNA.
- The result of protein synthesis is a chain of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds.
Codons and Mutations
- A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid.
- Mutations are changes in the DNA sequence that can alter codons and subsequently change the amino acids added during protein synthesis.
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Description
This quiz covers the fundamental concepts of DNA structure, replication, transcription, and translation. Understand the components of DNA, the base-pairing rules, and the processes that ensure accurate genetic information transfer. Test your knowledge on these critical biological processes.
