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DNA Structure and Composition

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Questions and Answers

What type of bonds form the sugar–phosphate backbone in DNA?

Covalent bonds (correct)

Hydrogen bonds

Ionic bonds

Van der Waals forces

According to Chargaff’s Rules, which base pairs with adenine (A) in DNA?

Cytosine (C)

Uracil (U)

Thymine (T) (correct)

Guanine (G)

Which enzyme catalyzes the addition of new nucleotides during DNA replication?

Topoisomerase

Helicase

Ligase

DNA polymerase (correct)

What is the term for the process in which both strands of DNA replicate together?

Simultaneous replication Signup and view all the answers

In DNA replication, what is the term for the point where the process starts?

Origin of replication Signup and view all the answers

What is the main type of bonding that holds complementary base pairs together in the DNA double helix?

Hydrogen bonding Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of helicase in DNA replication?

Disrupts hydrogen bonds to unzip the DNA double helix Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of topoisomerase (gyrase) in DNA replication?

Relaxes supercoiling and prevents twisting/coiling Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is responsible for initiating DNA replication by adding a primer?

Primase Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of telomerase in DNA replication?

Adds telomeres to the ends of linear chromosomes Signup and view all the answers

Which activity of DNA polymerase is responsible for extending the length of the DNA strand during replication?

5’→3’ polymerase activity Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the holoenzyme in DNA replication?

Keeps the enzyme attached to DNA and ensures speed Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the role of Pol I in DNA replication?

Acts in DNA repair by removing and replacing DNA at primers Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Cdc6 and Cdt1 proteins in DNA replication?

Prevent replication from happening more than once Signup and view all the answers

Eukaryotes have numerous polymerases, which polymerase is most similar to Pol III in function?

Pola Signup and view all the answers