DNA Replication Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What process refers to the duplication of DNA before cell division?

  • Mutation
  • Transcription
  • Translation
  • Replication (correct)

    • Which enzyme is responsible for adding new bases to the growing daughter strand during DNA replication?

  • Helicase
  • Telomerase
  • DNA Polymerase (correct)
  • DNA Ligase

    • What term describes the nature of DNA replication where half of the original molecule is retained in each daughter molecule?

  • Semi-conservative (correct)
  • Conservative
  • Dispersive
  • Linear

    • Which structure is particularly difficult to replicate, causing chromosomes to shorten with each cell division?

    <p>Telomeres</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During DNA replication, which direction do the sugar-phosphate backbones run?

    <p>One runs from 5' to 3' and the other from 3' to 5'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of a nucleotide in DNA?

    <p>A sugar, a nitrogenous base, and a phosphate group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nitrogenous bases are classified as purines?

    <p>Adenine and Guanine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What discovery was made by Erwin Chargaff regarding DNA base pairing?

    <p>Adenine equals Thymine and Guanine equals Cytosine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Rosalind Franklin contribute to the understanding of DNA's structure?

    <p>She used X-ray diffraction to reveal the helical shape of DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What allows the two strands of DNA to separate easily?

    <p>The presence of weak hydrogen bonds between base pairs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary goal of Oswald Avery's research?

    <p>To determine which molecule in heat-killed bacteria was responsible for transformation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes transformation in bacterial cells?

    <p>It occurs when DNA is destroyed in the mixture, resulting in permanent changes in bacteria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the essential functions of DNA according to the content?

    <p>Storing genetic information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a step in the life cycle of a phage as described?

    <p>The phage injects proteins into the bacterial cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who performed critical experiments in the study of viruses that built upon Avery's research?

    <p>Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of RNA in protein synthesis?

    <p>To mediate the process of transcription and translation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes a difference between DNA and RNA?

    <p>RNA contains uracil in place of thymine, which is found in DNA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are exons in the context of RNA?

    <p>Remaining sections of RNA that are spliced together after introns are removed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does transcription occur in prokaryotic cells?

    <p>In the cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of a promoter in RNA synthesis?

    <p>To indicate where RNA polymerase should bind to initiate transcription</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of tRNA in protein synthesis?

    <p>To transfer amino acids to the correct RNA codon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many codons are needed to specify 4 amino acids?

    <p>4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of a nucleotide differs between DNA and RNA?

    <p>The type of sugar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of rRNA in the cell?

    <p>To serve as a structural component of ribosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding codons?

    <p>Only one codon specifies a particular amino acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of helicase during DNA replication?

    <p>To unzip the double helix structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is responsible for connecting DNA fragments during replication?

    <p>Ligase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct order of processes in protein synthesis?

    <p>Transcription followed by translation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of homeotic genes in body development?

    <p>They control the identity of specific organs in the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of tRNA during the initiation phase of protein synthesis?

    <p>To transfer amino acids to the ribosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of mutation results in a change of an amino acid to a stop codon?

    <p>Nonsense mutation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of bond connects amino acids in a protein chain?

    <p>Peptide bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of mutation shifts the reading frame of the genetic message?

    <p>Frameshift mutation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during the elongation phase of translation?

    <p>tRNA recognizes codons through complementary base pairing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bonds hold the nucleotides together in the structure of nucleic acids?

    <p>Covalent bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of protein synthesis functions as a stop signal?

    <p>Stop codons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What best describes spontaneous mutations?

    <p>Errors that occur during DNA replication or recombination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in the process of gene expression?

    <p>Transcription of DNA into RNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do transcription factors play in gene expression?

    <p>They regulate the expression of genes in eukaryotes</p> Signup and view all the answers

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