Molecular Biology: DNA Replication

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What is the function of the primase complex during DNA replication?

To unwind the double helix

To join Okazaki fragments together

To synthesize RNA primers for both leading and lagging strands (correct)

To synthesize the leading strand

What is the main function of DNA polymerase-δ during lagging strand synthesis?

To synthesize the leading strand

To polymerize the lagging strand (correct)

To unwind the double helix

To remove RNA primers from the newly synthesized strand

What is the purpose of ribonucleases during DNA replication?

To remove RNA primers from the newly synthesized strand (correct)

To polymerize the lagging strand

To unwind the double helix

To synthesize the leading strand

What is the characteristic feature of telomeres?

They are composed of a highly repetitive sequence Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the PCNA ring during DNA replication?

To load onto DNA as a clamp Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the G-rich strand at the telomere end?

It is single-stranded Signup and view all the answers

What is the mode of DNA replication?

Concurrent, where both strands are synthesized simultaneously Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of helicase in DNA replication?

Protecting single-strand DNA from nucleases Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of RPA in DNA replication?

To protect single-strand DNA from nucleases and prevent secondary structures Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of topoisomerase in DNA replication?

To relieve tensions created by the replication bubble Signup and view all the answers

Which DNA polymerase is involved in leading strand synthesis?

DNA polymerase ε Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of PCNA in DNA replication?

To thread onto DNA and prevent the complex from falling off Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of primase in DNA replication?

To form RNA primers Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of lagging strand synthesis?

Discontinuous synthesis through Okazaki fragments Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the formation of loops at the telomere?

The nature of the G-tail, which can complement internal tracks of telomere sequence Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of telomeres?

Protection Signup and view all the answers

What happens to telomeres during DNA replication?

They get shorter Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of short telomeres?

Senescence and apoptosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of telomere-specific proteins?

To recognize the telomere sequence and bind telomeres Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of short telomeres on the CNS?

Increased risk of diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between telomere shortening and disease?

Telomere shortening leads to disease development Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the ORC and MCM proteins in DNA replication?

To recognize origins of replication and recruit the DNA replication machinery Signup and view all the answers

In what direction does DNA synthesis always proceed?

5′→3′ Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of DNA primers in DNA replication?

To provide a starting point for DNA synthesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of DNA replication?

Two identical strands of DNA, each with one old strand and one new strand Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of helicase in DNA replication?

To unwind double-stranded DNA Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of topoisomerase in DNA replication?

To relax torsional stress in DNA Signup and view all the answers

How does DNA polymerase initiate chain synthesis?

Using a short, preexisting RNA or DNA strand as a primer Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of DNA replication?

It is semi-conservative Signup and view all the answers

What is the direction of DNA replication?

Bidirectional Signup and view all the answers

ThePrimase complex synthesizes short RNA _______ of approximately 10nt.

primers Signup and view all the answers

The _______ strand is synthesized by a complex of DNA polymerase δ (Pol δ)-PCNA-Rfc.

lagging Signup and view all the answers

During concurrent DNA replication, both the _______ and leading strands are synthesized simultaneously.

lagging Signup and view all the answers

Ribonucleases are required to remove the RNA _______ from the newly synthesized strand.

primer Signup and view all the answers

A DNA polymerase adds deoxynucleotides to the free hydroxyl group at the ______ end of the primer

3′ Signup and view all the answers

Primases are required to form the ______ primers required for DNA polymerases

RNA Signup and view all the answers

The G-rich strand at the telomere end terminates in a single-stranded _______ of approximately 75-300 nucleotides.

G-tail Signup and view all the answers

DNA replication is described as ______-discontinuous due to the different mechanisms of leading and lagging strand synthesis

semi Signup and view all the answers

Topoisomerases are required to ______ the tensions created by the replication bubble

relieve Signup and view all the answers

Helicases are required for the ______ of the parental DNA strands

unwinding Signup and view all the answers

Most eukaryotic chromosomes bend back on themselves to form a physical ______ at the telomere.

loop Signup and view all the answers

The main function of telomeres is ______.

protection Signup and view all the answers

Telomeres are recognized by a series of proteins that can be classified as ______ proteins and telomere non-specific proteins.

telomere specific Signup and view all the answers

Short telomeres play a central role in the development of ______ diseases.

age-related Signup and view all the answers

Telomere shortening leads to ______.

senescence Signup and view all the answers

DNA replication is _______________, meaning that each new DNA has one ‘old’ strand and one ‘new’ strand.

semi-conservative Signup and view all the answers

The pre-_____________________ complex is formed by ORC proteins and MCM proteins that recognize origins of replication.

replication Signup and view all the answers

DNA polymerase requires a short, preexisting RNA or DNA strand, called a _______________, to begin chain growth.

primer Signup and view all the answers

DNA replication is _______________, meaning that it starts at the origin of replication and proceeds in both directions.

bi-directional Signup and view all the answers

The enzymatic activity of DNA polymerase is essential for DNA replication, but it cannot initiate chain synthesis de novo and requires a _______________.

template Signup and view all the answers

Molecular Biology: DNA Replication

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Questions and Answers

What is the function of the primase complex during DNA replication?

What is the main function of DNA polymerase-δ during lagging strand synthesis?

What is the purpose of ribonucleases during DNA replication?

What is the characteristic feature of telomeres?

What is the function of the PCNA ring during DNA replication?

What is the characteristic of the G-rich strand at the telomere end?

What is the mode of DNA replication?

Which of the following is NOT a function of helicase in DNA replication?

What is the function of RPA in DNA replication?

What is the main function of topoisomerase in DNA replication?

Which DNA polymerase is involved in leading strand synthesis?

What is the function of PCNA in DNA replication?

What is the primary function of primase in DNA replication?

What is the characteristic of lagging strand synthesis?

What is the primary reason for the formation of loops at the telomere?

What is the main function of telomeres?

What happens to telomeres during DNA replication?

What is the consequence of short telomeres?

What is the role of telomere-specific proteins?

What is the effect of short telomeres on the CNS?

What is the relationship between telomere shortening and disease?

What is the function of the ORC and MCM proteins in DNA replication?

In what direction does DNA synthesis always proceed?

What is the function of DNA primers in DNA replication?

What is the result of DNA replication?

What is the function of helicase in DNA replication?

What is the function of topoisomerase in DNA replication?

How does DNA polymerase initiate chain synthesis?

What is the characteristic of DNA replication?

What is the direction of DNA replication?

ThePrimase complex synthesizes short RNA _______ of approximately 10nt.

The _______ strand is synthesized by a complex of DNA polymerase δ (Pol δ)-PCNA-Rfc.

During concurrent DNA replication, both the _______ and leading strands are synthesized simultaneously.

Ribonucleases are required to remove the RNA _______ from the newly synthesized strand.

A DNA polymerase adds deoxynucleotides to the free hydroxyl group at the ______ end of the primer

Primases are required to form the ______ primers required for DNA polymerases

The G-rich strand at the telomere end terminates in a single-stranded _______ of approximately 75-300 nucleotides.

DNA replication is described as ______-discontinuous due to the different mechanisms of leading and lagging strand synthesis

Topoisomerases are required to ______ the tensions created by the replication bubble

Helicases are required for the ______ of the parental DNA strands

Most eukaryotic chromosomes bend back on themselves to form a physical ______ at the telomere.

The main function of telomeres is ______.

Telomeres are recognized by a series of proteins that can be classified as ______ proteins and telomere non-specific proteins.

Short telomeres play a central role in the development of ______ diseases.

Telomere shortening leads to ______.

DNA replication is _______________, meaning that each new DNA has one ‘old’ strand and one ‘new’ strand.

The pre-_____________________ complex is formed by ORC proteins and MCM proteins that recognize origins of replication.

DNA polymerase requires a short, preexisting RNA or DNA strand, called a _______________, to begin chain growth.

DNA replication is _______________, meaning that it starts at the origin of replication and proceeds in both directions.

The enzymatic activity of DNA polymerase is essential for DNA replication, but it cannot initiate chain synthesis de novo and requires a _______________.

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